GMS6530: RENAL SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
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Course
GMS6530
Institution
GMS6530
GMS6530: RENAL SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
functions of the kidney
-filter blood plasma and excrete toxic wastes
-regulate blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity
-regulate electrolytes and acid base balance
-secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the pr...
-secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of RBC
-help regulate calcium levels by participating in calcitriol synthesis
-clear hormones from blood
-detoxify free radicals
-in starvation, they synthesize glucose from AA
gross anatomy of kidney
-size of bar of soap
-shaped like kidney bean
-3 tissue coverings
3 tissue coverings on kidney
-renal fascia immediately deep to parietal peritoneum = binds ti abdominal wall
-perirenal fat capsule: cushions kidney and holds it into place
-fibrous capsule encloses kidney protecting it from trauma and infection
T/F: the outer part of the kidney is the cortex and the inner part is the medulla
true
,2 parts of inner renal medulla
-renal columns = extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus
-renal pyramids = 6 to 10 with broad base facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus
minor calyx
-cup that nestles the papilla of each pyramid; collects its urine
major calyces
-formed by convergence of 2 or 3 minor calyces
renal pelvis
-formed by convergence of 2 or 3 major calyces
ureter
-a tubular continuation of the pelvis that drains urine down to the urinary bladder
each kidney has about _______ nephrons
1.2 million
2 principle parts of the nephron
-renal corpuscle = filters the blood plasma
-renal tubule = long, coiled tube that converts filtrate into urine
renal corpuscle
-consists of glomerulus and a 2-layered glomerular capsule that encloses that
glomerulus
-parietal (outer) layer of the glomerular capsule
-visceral (inner) layer of the glomerular capsule
renal tubule
, -duct leading way from the glomerular capsule and ending at the tip of the medullary
pyramid
4 regions of renal tubule
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct receives fluid from many nephrons
proximal convoluted tubule
-arises from glomerular capsule
-site of MOST absorption/secretion
loop of henle
-descending limb and ascending limb
-heavily engaged in active transport of salts
distal convoluted tubule
-shorter than proximal convoluted tubule
-DCT is the end of the nephron
collecting duct
-receives fluid from distal convoluted tubule of several nephrons as it passes back into
the medulla
-numerous collecting ducts converge toward the tip of the medullary pyramid
-papillary duct is formed by merger of several collecting ducts
flow of fluid from capsule to the point where urine leaves the body
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