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Samenvatting persoonlijkheidspsychologie
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SAMENVATTINGPERSOONLIJKHEID
PERSOONLIJKHEIDPSYCHOLOGIE
SEMESTER 2
Manon Devue
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding in de persoonlijkheidspsychologie ................................................................................ 5
Definitie persoonlijkheid ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Terminologie ................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Persoonlijkheidspsychologie ........................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Drie Analyseniveaus .................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Theorie vs. Onderzoek .............................................................................................................................. 7
1. Wat zijn persoonlijkheidstrekken? .................................................................................................................. 8
2. Identificeren van trekken: dispositionele modellen ..................................................................................... 8
2.1 Lexicale benadering ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Statistische benadering................................................................................................................................. 9
2.3 Theoretische benadering .............................................................................................................................. 9
3. Evolutie van trektheorieen .......................................................................................................................... 9
1. Hans Eysenck ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Biologische basis introvert vs. extravert ........................................................................................................... 13
2. Jeffrey Gray................................................................................................................................................ 13
3. Robert Cloninger ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Neurotransmitters en Persoonlijkheid .............................................................................................................. 14
4. Empirische Evidentie .................................................................................................................................. 15
1. Klassieke Psychoanalyse ............................................................................................................................ 15
1.1. Structuur van de persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................... 16
1.2. Dynamiek van de persoonlijkheid .............................................................................................................. 16
1.3. Psychoseksuele ontwikkeling van de persoonlijkheid ................................................................................ 17
1.4. Psychoanalytische therapie ....................................................................................................................... 18
1.5. Evaluatie van de psychoanalyse ................................................................................................................ 18
2. Neo-analytische beweging ......................................................................................................................... 19
3. Egopsychologie .......................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Erik Erikson.................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.2 Karen Horney .............................................................................................................................................. 20
4. Objectrelatietheorie .................................................................................................................................. 20
4.1 Mary Ainsworth .......................................................................................................................................... 20
1
, 4.2 Hechting in volwassen relaties.................................................................................................................... 21
1. Abraham Maslow ....................................................................................................................................... 22
2. Carl Rogers ................................................................................................................................................. 22
1. Persoonlijke Constructtheorie.................................................................................................................... 23
2. Sociaal- cognitieve leertheorie ................................................................................................................... 24
1. Informatiebronnen m.b.t. persoonlijkheid ................................................................................................. 26
1.1. Zelfrapportage (self-report data)............................................................................................................... 26
A. Ongestructureerde PH-tests ..................................................................................................................... 26
B. Gestructureerde PH-tests ......................................................................................................................... 26
C. Experience sampling ................................................................................................................................. 26
1.2. Observatiegegevens (observer-report data) .............................................................................................. 27
1.3. Testgegevens (test data)............................................................................................................................ 27
A. Mechanische opnameapparatuur ............................................................................................................ 27
B. Fysiologische data..................................................................................................................................... 27
C. Projectieve tests ....................................................................................................................................... 27
1.4. Anamnestische informatie (life-outcome data) ......................................................................................... 28
2. Evaluatie van meetinstrumenten ............................................................................................................... 28
3. Ontwikkeling van meetinstrumenten......................................................................................................... 28
4. Onderzoeksdesign in persoonlijkheidspsychologie .................................................................................... 28
4.3 Gevalstudie/ case study .............................................................................................................................. 28
5. Methodologische kwesties ........................................................................................................................ 29
5.1 Onzorgvuldigheid ........................................................................................................................................ 29
5.2 Centrale Antwoordtendentie ...................................................................................................................... 29
5.3 ‘Faking’ op vragenlijsten ............................................................................................................................. 29
5.4 Barnum statements .................................................................................................................................... 30
1. Cross-situationele consistentie .................................................................................................................. 30
2. Temporele stabiliteit .................................................................................................................................. 31
2.1 Basisbegrippen ............................................................................................................................................ 31
2.2 Persoonlijkheidsstabiliteit in baby-, peuter- en kindertijd en adolescentie................................................. 31
2.3 Persoonlijkheid Stabiliteit in de volwassenheid .......................................................................................... 34
2.4 Persoonlijkheidscoherentie ......................................................................................................................... 35
1. Het menselijk genoom ............................................................................................................................... 35
2
, 2. Controverse over genen en persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................... 35
3. Doel van gedragsgenetica .......................................................................................................................... 36
4. Wat is erfelijkheid? .................................................................................................................................... 36
5. Gedragsgenetisch onderzoek ..................................................................................................................... 36
6. Onderzoeksbevindingen ............................................................................................................................ 38
7. Gedeelde vs. niet-gedeelde omgeving ....................................................................................................... 38
8. Genen en omgeving ................................................................................................................................... 38
1. Het zelfconcept: beschrijvende component ............................................................................................... 39
1.1 Ontwikkeling van het zelfconcept ............................................................................................................... 39
1.2 Zelfschema’s ............................................................................................................................................... 40
2. Eigenwaarde: evaluatieve component ....................................................................................................... 41
2.1 Zelfevaluatie ............................................................................................................................................... 41
2.2 Onderzoek over eigenwaarde ..................................................................................................................... 42
3. Sociale identiteit: sociale component ........................................................................................................ 43
3.1 Wat is sociale identiteit? ............................................................................................................................. 43
3.2 Ontwikkeling van sociale identiteit ............................................................................................................. 43
3.3 Identiteitscrisissen ...................................................................................................................................... 44
1. Wat is Coping? ........................................................................................................................................... 44
2. Coping vs. PH ............................................................................................................................................. 45
1. Persoonlijkheid en school .......................................................................................................................... 46
1.1 VFM en schoolse prestaties ........................................................................................................................ 46
1.2 Sociale cognitie ........................................................................................................................................... 47
1.3 Motivationele processen ............................................................................................................................. 48
1.4 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
1. Werkprestaties .......................................................................................................................................... 49
2. Leiderschap ................................................................................................................................................ 50
4. PH-meetinstrumenten in A&O ................................................................................................................... 51
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) ................................................................................................................. 52
Hogan Personality Inventory ............................................................................................................................ 52
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