Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 8 Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses and Study Variables
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- Nursing research
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- University Of Kansas School Of Pharmacy
Chapter 8 Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses and Study Variables
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the research objective?
a. To answer the research question
b. To determine the strength of the statistical relationship among the variables
c. To determine whether homeless children seem to have longer length of hospital stay, poorer
verbal skills, and more fear of separation from their parents than do other children
d. To measure length of stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation from parents in homeless children
admitted to the hospital
ANS: C
Research objectives are clear, concise, declarative statements that are expressed in the present
tense. For clarity, an objective usually focuses on one or two variables (or concepts) and indicates
whether the variables are to be identified or described. Objectives can also identify relationships or
associations among variables, determine differences between groups or compare groups on selected
variables, and predict a dependent variable based on selected independent variables.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 138
2. What is the research question?
,a. Length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation from parents have no
relationship to children’s homelessness.
b. Does children’s homelessness affect length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation
from parents?
c. Was homelessness related to length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation
from parents in this study?
d. Is homelessness in children related to length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation
from parents?
ANS: D
A research question is a concise, interrogative statement that is worded in the present tense and
includes one or more variables (or concepts). The research questions focus on (1) the description of
the variable(s), (2) a determination of differences between two or more groups regarding selected
variables, (3) an examination of relationships among variables (relational), and (4) the use of
independent variables to predict a dependent variable. In this case (3), the examination of
relationships among variables, would be the focus of the research question, since cause is not a
focus of study.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 140
3. What is the research hypothesis?
a. Longer length of hospital stay, worse verbal skills, and fear of separation from parents are
caused by children’s homelessness.
b. Homelessness in children is related to length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation
from parents.
c. There is no relationship between children’s homelessness and length of hospital stay, verbal
skills, and fear of separation from parents.
d. If a child is homeless, that child is likely to have poor verbal skills, more difficulty separating from
parents, and a longer hospital stay.
ANS: B
A hypothesis is a formal statement of the expected relationship or relationships between two or
more variables in a specified population. The hypothesis translates the problem and
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purpose into a clear explanation or prediction of the expected results or outcomes of the study. A
hypothesis (1) specifies the variables the researcher will manipulate or measure, (2) identifies the
population the researcher will examine, (3) indicates the type of research, and
(4) directs the conduct of the study. Hypotheses are described using the terms in the following four
categories: (1) associative versus causal, (2) simple versus complex, (3) directional
versus nondirectional, and (4) null versus research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 142
4. A researcher identifies three variables and formulates a hypothesis that links them. That
hypothesis is testable. What does it mean that the hypothesis is testable?
a. All the variables in the hypothesis are measurable.
b. The hypothesis must be replaced by a research question.
c. The value of the hypothesis is low.
d. The hypothesis is causational.
ANS: A
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