study guide ivy tech APHY 101 final
Exam Questions With Detailed Solutions
Rated A+
what are the parts of a long bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-epiphysis and diaphysis
What is the epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-end of a long bone that articulates
(forms a joint) with another bone.
What is the diaphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-shaft of a long bone
What is the medullary cavity? - CORRECT ANSWER-hollow chamber in diaphysis.
marrow fills this cavity
What is the periosteum? - CORRECT ANSWER-a dense layer of vascular connective
tissue enclosing a bone
what is compact bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-wall of the diaphysis mainly composed
of tightly packed tissue
what is spongy bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-cancellous bone that largely composes
the epiphysis
Describe the process of ossification - CORRECT ANSWER-step one 1: cordlike and
connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects
muscles to muscles
,step 2: Long bones develop from rods of cartilage, some from membranes and some
from tendons.
step 3: Ossification occurs first in the cartilage rods, then in the epiphyses of long
bones.
step 4: When the epiphysial cartilage has ossified (hardened), bone growth stops.
What is the epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT ANSWER-as spongy bone is deposited in
the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of cartilage will form
what are osteoclasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-cells that break down bone
what are osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-bone forming cells
what are the functions of the skeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER-support,
protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
What is the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skull, vertebral column, rib cage
What is the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-pectoral girdle, upper limbs,
pelvic girdle, lower limbs
what are the steps of fracture repair? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Hematoma formation-
blood vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn resulting in a
Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no nutrition will die and area will
become irritated.
,2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation- phagocytic cells invade the area and begin
cleaning up the debris.
3. Bone callus formation- about 1 week into repair, new bone begins to repair. This is
called a bony callus. This continues for about 3 months.
4. Bone remodeling- excess material removed, shaft was reconstructed.
how are bones classified? - CORRECT ANSWER-by shape
what are the shapes of bones? - CORRECT ANSWER-long, short, flat, irregular
example of long bone - CORRECT ANSWER-femur
example of short bones are - CORRECT ANSWER-carpals and tarsals in the ankle and
wrist
examples of flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER-ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the
skull
examples of irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER-facial bones, vertebrae
What is articular cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER-hyaline cartilage covering articular
ends of the bones
What is a joint capsule? - CORRECT ANSWER-tissue that stops synovial fluid from
escaping and encloses and supports and holds the bones together.
, what is a ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connects bone to bone and reinforce the
joint capsule.
What is the synovial membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER-inner layer of the joint capsule,
covers all of the surface within the joint capsule.
What is synovial fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lubricates and nourishes the cartilage
covering the bones at movable joints and contains macrophages the remove microbes
and debris from the joint cavity.
what is the menisci? - CORRECT ANSWER-cushion the articulating surfaces and help
distribute body weight onto these surfaces
what is the bursae? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid-filled sac that acts as a ball bearing to
reduce friction
what are the six different types of synovial joints? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Ball-and-
socket joints
2. condylar/ellipsodial joint
3. plane/gliding joint
4. hinge joint
5. pivot/trochoid joint
6. saddle/sellar joint
define flexion - CORRECT ANSWER-bending a joint
define extension - CORRECT ANSWER-Straightening a body part
Exam Questions With Detailed Solutions
Rated A+
what are the parts of a long bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-epiphysis and diaphysis
What is the epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-end of a long bone that articulates
(forms a joint) with another bone.
What is the diaphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-shaft of a long bone
What is the medullary cavity? - CORRECT ANSWER-hollow chamber in diaphysis.
marrow fills this cavity
What is the periosteum? - CORRECT ANSWER-a dense layer of vascular connective
tissue enclosing a bone
what is compact bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-wall of the diaphysis mainly composed
of tightly packed tissue
what is spongy bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-cancellous bone that largely composes
the epiphysis
Describe the process of ossification - CORRECT ANSWER-step one 1: cordlike and
connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects
muscles to muscles
,step 2: Long bones develop from rods of cartilage, some from membranes and some
from tendons.
step 3: Ossification occurs first in the cartilage rods, then in the epiphyses of long
bones.
step 4: When the epiphysial cartilage has ossified (hardened), bone growth stops.
What is the epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT ANSWER-as spongy bone is deposited in
the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of cartilage will form
what are osteoclasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-cells that break down bone
what are osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-bone forming cells
what are the functions of the skeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER-support,
protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
What is the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skull, vertebral column, rib cage
What is the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-pectoral girdle, upper limbs,
pelvic girdle, lower limbs
what are the steps of fracture repair? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Hematoma formation-
blood vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn resulting in a
Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no nutrition will die and area will
become irritated.
,2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation- phagocytic cells invade the area and begin
cleaning up the debris.
3. Bone callus formation- about 1 week into repair, new bone begins to repair. This is
called a bony callus. This continues for about 3 months.
4. Bone remodeling- excess material removed, shaft was reconstructed.
how are bones classified? - CORRECT ANSWER-by shape
what are the shapes of bones? - CORRECT ANSWER-long, short, flat, irregular
example of long bone - CORRECT ANSWER-femur
example of short bones are - CORRECT ANSWER-carpals and tarsals in the ankle and
wrist
examples of flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER-ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the
skull
examples of irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER-facial bones, vertebrae
What is articular cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER-hyaline cartilage covering articular
ends of the bones
What is a joint capsule? - CORRECT ANSWER-tissue that stops synovial fluid from
escaping and encloses and supports and holds the bones together.
, what is a ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connects bone to bone and reinforce the
joint capsule.
What is the synovial membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER-inner layer of the joint capsule,
covers all of the surface within the joint capsule.
What is synovial fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lubricates and nourishes the cartilage
covering the bones at movable joints and contains macrophages the remove microbes
and debris from the joint cavity.
what is the menisci? - CORRECT ANSWER-cushion the articulating surfaces and help
distribute body weight onto these surfaces
what is the bursae? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid-filled sac that acts as a ball bearing to
reduce friction
what are the six different types of synovial joints? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Ball-and-
socket joints
2. condylar/ellipsodial joint
3. plane/gliding joint
4. hinge joint
5. pivot/trochoid joint
6. saddle/sellar joint
define flexion - CORRECT ANSWER-bending a joint
define extension - CORRECT ANSWER-Straightening a body part
