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Samenvatting Grondslagen van de biologie H5-H8
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GRONDSLAGEN VAN DEBIOLOGIE H5-H8
Academiejaar ’23 – ‘24
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
H5: DIVERSITEIT EN EVOLUTIE BOUWPLAN .................................................................................... 1
KENMERKEN VAN DIEREN ................................................................................................................ 1
VARIATIE IN LICHAAMSBOUWPLAN .................................................................................................. 1
ONTWIKKELING VAN WEEFSELS .................................................................................................. 1
EVOLUTIE VAN SYMMETRIE .......................................................................................................... 2
ONTWIKKELING VAN EEN LICHAAMSHOLTE ................................................................................. 2
EVOLUTIE VAN VERSCHILLENDE PATRONEN VAN ONTWIKKELING ................................................ 3
EVOLUTIE VAN SEGMENTATIE ...................................................................................................... 4
CLASSIFICATIE VAN DIEREN ............................................................................................................. 4
TRADITIONELE ............................................................................................................................. 4
ACTUELE ..................................................................................................................................... 4
PARAZOA .................................................................................................................................... 5
PHYLUM PORIFERA (SPONZEN)................................................................................................................. 5
LICHAAMSBOUW ................................................................................................................................. 5
LICHAAMSFUNCTIES ............................................................................................................................ 5
TOEPASSINGEN ................................................................................................................................... 6
EUMETAZOA ................................................................................................................................ 6
PHYLUM CNIDARIA ................................................................................................................................... 6
LICHAAMSBOUW ................................................................................................................................. 6
TOEPASSINGEN ................................................................................................................................... 7
OVERZICHT ...................................................................................................................................... 7
H6: PROTOSTOMEN (EUMETAZOA) ................................................................................................ 8
LOPHOTROCHOZOA ........................................................................................................................ 8
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES (PLATWORMEN) .............................................................................. 8
LICHAAMSOPBOUW ................................................................................................................................. 8
LICHAAMSFUNCTIES ................................................................................................................................ 8
CLASSIFICATIE ......................................................................................................................................... 9
TURBELLARIA (TRILHAARWORMEN) ...................................................................................................... 9
TREMATODA (ZUIGWORMEN) = NEODERMATA ...................................................................................... 9
VOORBEELD: CLONORCHIS SINESIS (CHINESE LEVERBOT) .............................................................. 9
VOORBEELD: SCHISTOSOMA ........................................................................................................... 9
CESTODA/CERCOMEROMORPHA (LINTWORMEN) = NEODERMATA ......................................................10
VOORBEELD: TAENIA SAGINATIA (RUNDERLINTWORM) ...................................................................10
NUT/NADEEL ...........................................................................................................................................10
PHYLUM ANNELIDA (RINGWORMEN) ..........................................................................................10
LICHAAMSOPBOUW ................................................................................................................................10
LICHAAMSFUNCTIES ...............................................................................................................................11
CLASSIFICATIE ........................................................................................................................................11
HIRUDINEA (HOOFDZAKELIJK BLOEDZUIGERS) = CLITELLATA...............................................................11
NUT/NADEEL ...........................................................................................................................................11
ECDYSOZOA .................................................................................................................................. 12
PHYLUM NEMATODA (RONDWORMEN) .......................................................................................12
LICHAAMSOPBOUW ................................................................................................................................12
VOORBEELD: CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS ..........................................................................................12
LICHAAMSFUNCTIES ...............................................................................................................................13
VOORBEELD: ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES (MENSENSPOELWORM) ..........................................................13
VOORBEELD: WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI .............................................................................................13
NUT/NADEEL ...........................................................................................................................................13
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA (GELEEDPOTIGEN) .................................................................................14
, LICHAAMSOPBOUW ................................................................................................................................14
LICHAAMSFUNCTIES ...............................................................................................................................14
CLASSIFICATIE ........................................................................................................................................15
CHELICERATA (AANHANGSELS) à VOORAL ARACHNIDA (SPINACHTIGEN) ..........................................15
INSECTA (INSECTEN) = HEXAPODA ......................................................................................................16
NUT/NADEEL ...........................................................................................................................................16
OVERZICHT .................................................................................................................................... 17
H7: DEUTEROSTOMEN (EUMETAZOA) ........................................................................................... 18
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA (STEKELHUIDIGEN) .............................................................................. 18
LICHAAMSOPBOUW ...................................................................................................................18
LICHAAMSFUNCTIES ..................................................................................................................19
CLASSIFICATIE ...........................................................................................................................19
SLANG/BROKKELSTERREN ......................................................................................................................19
ZEEKOMKOMMERS ..................................................................................................................................19
ZEELELIES EN VEERSTERREN ...................................................................................................................19
TOEPASSINGEN ..........................................................................................................................19
PHYLUM CHORDATA ...................................................................................................................... 20
KENMERKEN CHORDATA ............................................................................................................20
CLASSIFICATIE CHORDATA .........................................................................................................20
NIET-VERTEBRATEN .................................................................................................................................20
UROCHORDATA = TUNICATA (MANTELDIEREN) ....................................................................................20
CEPHALOCHORDATA (LANCETVISJES) .................................................................................................20
VERTEBRATEN .........................................................................................................................................21
SOMATOCHORDATA ...........................................................................................................................21
CLASSIFICATIE VERTEBRATEN ....................................................................................................21
VISSEN ....................................................................................................................................................21
PRIKKEN EN SLIJMPRIKKEN..................................................................................................................22
CHONDRICHTHYES (KRAAKBEENVISSEN) ............................................................................................22
TYPISCHE KENMERKEN ...................................................................................................................22
LEVENSWIJZE .................................................................................................................................23
TELEOSTEI (BEENVISSEN) ....................................................................................................................23
TYPISCHE KENMERKEN ...................................................................................................................23
LEVENSWIJZE .................................................................................................................................23
CLASSIFICATIE ................................................................................................................................23
TOEPASSINGEN ..............................................................................................................................24
AMPHIBIA (AMFIBIEËN) ............................................................................................................................24
TYPISCHE KENMERKEN .......................................................................................................................24
LEVENSWIJZE ......................................................................................................................................25
CLASSIFICATIE ....................................................................................................................................25
ANURA (KIKKERS EN PADDEN) (ZONDER STAART) ............................................................................25
CAUDATA = URODELA (SALAMANDERS) (ZICHTBARE STAART) ..........................................................25
APODA (WORMSALAMANDERS) (ZONDER POTEN) ...........................................................................25
REPTIELEN ..............................................................................................................................................25
TYPISCHE KENMERKEN .......................................................................................................................25
LEVENSWIJZE ......................................................................................................................................26
EVOLUTIE EN CLASSIFICATIE ...............................................................................................................26
AVES (VOGELS)........................................................................................................................................27
TYPISCHE KENMERKEN .......................................................................................................................27
LEVENSWIJZE ......................................................................................................................................27
CLASSIFICATIE ....................................................................................................................................28
MAMMALIA (ZOOGDIEREN) ......................................................................................................................28
TYPISCHE KENMERKEN .......................................................................................................................28
LEVENSWIJZE ......................................................................................................................................28
, CLASSIFICATIE ....................................................................................................................................29
SUBKLASSE PROTOTHERIA (MEEST PRIMITIEVE ZOOGDIEREN).........................................................29
SUBKLASSE THERIA ........................................................................................................................29
EVOLUTIE VAN PRIMATEN ............................................................................................................... 30
PROSIMIANEN ............................................................................................................................30
ANTHROPOÏDEN ........................................................................................................................30
H8: LICHAAMSOPBOUW EN HOMEOSTASE ................................................................................... 31
ORGANISATIE VAN HET VERTEBRATENLICHAAM ............................................................................. 31
WEEFSELS ..................................................................................................................................... 32
EPITHEELWEEFSEL .....................................................................................................................32
STEUNWEEFSEL .........................................................................................................................32
GEWOON BINDWEEFSEL .........................................................................................................................33
SPECIAAL BINDWEEFSEL .........................................................................................................................33
SPIERWEEFSEL...........................................................................................................................34
ZENUWWEEFSEL ........................................................................................................................35
ORGAANSYSTEMEN ....................................................................................................................... 36
HOMEOSTASE ................................................................................................................................ 36
OVERZICHT .................................................................................................................................... 38
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