ASD EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
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Course
ASD
Institution
ASD
ASD EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
What is Pivotal Response Treatment? - Answer- -one of the best studied and validated treatments for autism
-derived from ABA, it is play based and child initiated
-rather than target individual behaviors, the PRT therapist targets "pivotal"...
ASD EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY
PASSED
What is Pivotal Response Treatment? - Answer- -one of the best studied and validated
treatments for autism
-derived from ABA, it is play based and child initiated
-rather than target individual behaviors, the PRT therapist targets "pivotal" areas of a
child's development
-motivation strategies emphasize "natural" reinforcement
The "pivotal" areas of a child's development are: - Answer- -motivation
-response to multiple cues
-self-management
-initiation of social interactions
Who provides PRT? - Answer- -many psychologists, special education teachers,
speech therapists and other providers pursue training in PRT
What is a Typical PRT Therapy Session like? - Answer- -each program is tailored to
meet the goals and needs of the individual learner and his or her school and home
routines
What is the time commitment involved? - Answer- -PRT programs usually involve 25 or
more hours per week for the learner as well as instruction for parents and other
caregivers
-PRT has been described as a "lifestyle" adopted by service providers and affect family
PRT in Motor Intervention: - Answer- -being with initial assessments, determine
motivational factors from parents
-student attention, clear and appropriate instruction, easy and difficult tasks, shared
control, multiple cues, STUDENT RESPONSE, direct reinforcement, contingent
consequence, reinforcement of attempts
-ongoing assessment
Autism - Answer- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms
for a group of complex disorders of brain development
-includes autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder,
pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
, -DOES NOT include Rett syndrome, as previously thought
Characteristics of ASD - Answer- -difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal
communication and repetitive behaviors
-can be associated with ID, difficulties in motor coordination and attention, physical
health issues such as sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances
-some excel in visual skills, music, math and art
Risks and Causes of Autism - Answer- -rare gene changes, or mutations, associated
with autism (a small number of these are sufficient to cause autism by themselves)
-most cases caused by a combination of autism risk genes and environmental factors
influencing early brain development
-in the presence of a genetic predisposition to autism, a number of environmental
stresses are linked with increased risk
Risk factors before and during birth: - Answer- -advanced parental age at time of
conception
-maternal illness (fever) during pregnancy
-maternal antibodies in blood that interfere with prenatal brain development (helps
explain sex disparity; male mice showed structural changes with antibody)
-ASD is more prevalent in boys
-difficulties during birth, particularly those involving periods of oxygen deprivation to the
baby's brain
-prematurity (>10 wks prematurity linked to weakness in brain connections that are
important for attention, communication, and processing emotions)
-in combination with genetic risk factors, environmental factors appear to increase risk
Research to support woman can reduce risk by taking prenatal vitamins containing folic
acid during the months before and after conception - Answer- -folic acid plays a roll in
spina bifida (or neural tube defects) as well
What lead to the disassociation between vaccines and ASD? - Answer- -hundreds of
thousands of data showing NO LINK (as compared to Wakefield small amount of
fabricated data)
-thimerosal removed from vaccines in 1999
-incidence still rising despite lower vaccination rates and removal of thimerosal
What are some of the reasons why millennials consider not vaccinating themselves &
their families? - Answer- -this generation has not seen vaccine preventable devastation
-distrust of the medical field
There is more mercury in a few servings of fish than the flu shot (approximately) -
Answer- True
Non-vaxxer activists are typically not members of the medical community, but often
have the loudest voice - Answer- True
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