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Samenvatting lekker belangrijk
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Samenvatting Lekker belangrijkInhoudsopgave
1.2.3 Besmettelijke ziekten.....................................................................................................................6
Kinderziekten......................................................................................................................................6
Seksueel overdraagbare aandoening..................................................................................................6
Chlamydia.......................................................................................................................................6
Gonorroe........................................................................................................................................6
Hepatitis B......................................................................................................................................7
Syfilis...............................................................................................................................................7
Hiv/aids...........................................................................................................................................7
Ziekte van Pfeiffer...............................................................................................................................7
1.4 Leefstijlproblemen............................................................................................................................7
1.4.1 Middelengebruik........................................................................................................................7
Roken..............................................................................................................................................7
Drugs..............................................................................................................................................7
1.4.2 Alcohol.......................................................................................................................................8
1.4.3 Overgewicht...............................................................................................................................8
1.4.4 Lawaaidoofheid.........................................................................................................................9
1.4.5 Seksualiteit................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Gezond en ongezond gedrag.............................................................................................................9
2.1.1 Gezond gedrag...........................................................................................................................9
2.1.2 Ongezond gedrag.......................................................................................................................9
2.1.3 Het belang van gezondheidsvaardigheden, zelfmanagement en basiscompetenties................9
2.1.4 Internet, de voordelen en risico’s............................................................................................10
3 Ontwikkeling van jongeren................................................................................................................10
3.1 Jongeren anno nu- ouders anno nu............................................................................................10
3.2 Normaal pubergedrag, probleem of stoornis?............................................................................10
3.2.1 Ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Ontwikkelingstaken..............................................................................................................11
3.2.3 Identiteitsontwikkeling........................................................................................................11
3.2.4 Puberbrein...........................................................................................................................12
3.2.5 Probleemgedrag...................................................................................................................12
3.2.6 Probleem of stoornis?..........................................................................................................12
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, 3.2.7 Risico’s.................................................................................................................................14
3.3 Sociale beïnvloedingsprocessen.................................................................................................15
3.3.1 Het gezin..............................................................................................................................15
3.3.2 Peergroup: vriendschappen en relaties...............................................................................16
3.3.3 Mediagebruik.......................................................................................................................16
3.3.4 Diversiteit.............................................................................................................................16
4.3 Inspirerende gesprekstechnieken...................................................................................................17
4.3.1 Motiverende gespreksvoering.................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Geweldloze communicatie.......................................................................................................18
4.3.3 Socratische methode...............................................................................................................18
4.3.4 Oplossingsgericht begeleiden..................................................................................................19
4.3.5 De driestappenmethode van David Pinto................................................................................20
4.4 Patronen en valkuilen.....................................................................................................................20
4.4.1 Dramadriehoek........................................................................................................................20
4.4.2 Het pygmalion-effect of selffulfilling prohecy..........................................................................21
4.4.3 IJsbergmodel............................................................................................................................21
5 Voeding en bewegen.........................................................................................................................21
5.1 Het gedrag van jongeren in kaart gebracht.................................................................................21
5.1.1 Nederlandse Voedselconsumptiepeiling 2011.....................................................................22
5.1.2 Belgische Voedingsconsumptiepeiling 2014........................................................................22
5.1.3 Monitor Bewegen en Gezondheid.......................................................................................22
5.1.4 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2013........................................................23
5.1.5 Landelijke Groeistudie.........................................................................................................23
5.2 Gezonde voelding en gezond bewegen.......................................................................................23
5.2.1 Eten en bewegen voor nu en later.......................................................................................23
5.2.2 Richtlijnen goede voeding....................................................................................................23
5.2.3 Gezond bewegen.................................................................................................................26
5.2.4 Verbeterpunten...................................................................................................................26
5.3 Motieven van jongeren om gezond te eten en te bewegen........................................................26
5.3.1 Ik ben niet te dik, dus ik eet gezond en beweeg genoeg......................................................26
5.3.2 Korte termijneffecten zijn belangrijk....................................................................................27
5.3.3 Rolmodellen en gewoontegedrag........................................................................................27
5.3.4 Maak de gezonde keuze makkelijk.......................................................................................27
5.4 Niet te dik en niet te dun............................................................................................................27
5.4.1 Wat is een goed gewicht?....................................................................................................27
5.4.2 Energiebalans en eetstoornissen.........................................................................................28
2
, 5.4.3 Risico’s van over- en ondergewicht......................................................................................29
5.4.4 Preventie en behandeling van overgewicht en obesitas......................................................29
5.4.5 Preventie en behandeling van ondergewicht.......................................................................29
5.5 Sport en voeding.........................................................................................................................30
5.5.1 Voedingsadviezen bij sport..................................................................................................30
5.5.2 Sportdranken en voedingssupplementen............................................................................30
5.5.3 Voeding van topsporters......................................................................................................31
5.6 Voorlichtingsmaterialen en werkvormen voor voeding en bewegen..........................................31
5.6.1 Betrouwbare informatie over voeding en bewegen.............................................................31
5.6.2 Methoden............................................................................................................................31
6 Jongeren en seksualiteit....................................................................................................................32
6.1 Definities.....................................................................................................................................32
6.2 Het verloop van de seksuele ontwikkeling..................................................................................32
6.2.1 Fase 0 tot 4 jaar - ontdekken................................................................................................32
6.2.2 Fase 4 tot 6 jaar- leren en spelen.........................................................................................33
6.2.3 Fase 6 tot 9 jaar – al een beetje spannend..........................................................................33
6.2.4 Fase 9 tot 12 jaar – bijna puber............................................................................................33
6.2.5 Fase 12 tot 15 jaar – pubertijd.............................................................................................33
6.2.6 Fase 15 tot 18 jaar – bijna volwassen...................................................................................33
6.2.7 Fase 18 tot 25 jaar – vroege volwassenheid.........................................................................34
6.3 Seksuele gezondheid van jongeren.............................................................................................34
6.3.1 Anticonceptie- en condoomgebruik.....................................................................................34
6.3.2 Zwangerschap en abortus....................................................................................................34
6.3.3 Testen op soa en hiv.............................................................................................................35
6.3.4 Seksuele weerbaarheid........................................................................................................35
6.3.5 Seksuele grensoverschrijding...............................................................................................35
6.3.6 De eerste keer en tevredenheid seksleven..........................................................................35
6.3.7 Seks onder invloed van alcohol en drugs.............................................................................35
6.3.8 Seks en internet...................................................................................................................36
6.3.9 Ruilseks................................................................................................................................36
6.3.10 Acceptatie LHBT.................................................................................................................36
6.3.11 Positieve seksuele ervaring................................................................................................36
6.3.12 Kennis van seksualiteit.......................................................................................................37
6.3.13 Zorgpunten........................................................................................................................37
6.4 Gevolgen van seksueel ongezond gedrag....................................................................................37
6.5 Seksuele opvoeding en educatie.................................................................................................37
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, 6.5.1 Stromingen binnen seksuele opvoeding en educatie...........................................................38
6.5.2 Richtlijn voor seksuele opvoeding en educatie....................................................................38
6.5.3 Seksuele opvoeding en educatie als vorm van gezondheidsbevordering.............................38
6.5.4 Competenties bij seksuele opvoeding en educatie..............................................................38
6.5.5 Partijen in de seksuele opvoeding en educatie....................................................................39
6.5.6 De overheid.........................................................................................................................39
6.6 Signaleren, verwijzen en melden................................................................................................40
6.6.1 Seksueel gedrag duiden en beoordelen...............................................................................40
6.6.2 Signaleren............................................................................................................................40
6.6.3 Meldplicht en meldcode......................................................................................................40
6.6.4 Relevante wet- en regelgeving.............................................................................................40
6.7 Voorlichtingsprogramma’s, methodieken en materialen............................................................41
6.7.1 Goede seksuele voorlichtingsprogramma’s..........................................................................41
6.7.2 Methodieken en materialen................................................................................................42
7 Jongeren en (voorkomen van) verslaving...........................................................................................42
7.1 Drinken, roken, gamen, blowen, GHB en ecstasy anno nu..........................................................42
7.1.1 Alcoholgebruik, roken en cannabisgebruik gaan vaak hand in hand....................................42
7.1.2 Waarom experimenteren jongeren met roken, alcohol en blowen?....................................44
7.2 Werking en effecten van roken, alcohol en drugs.......................................................................44
7.2.1 Invloed op de hersenen.......................................................................................................45
7.2.2 De gevolgen van roken, alcohol drinken, blowen en andere drugs......................................45
7.3 Signaleren van problematisch gebruik........................................................................................46
7.4 Signaleren van gebruik................................................................................................................47
7.5 Preventie van problematisch gebruik en verslaving....................................................................48
7.5.1 De rol van ouders en verzorgers...........................................................................................49
7.5.2 De rol van de school.............................................................................................................49
7.5.3 Jeugdgezondheidszorg (JGZ)................................................................................................49
7.5.4 Centrum van Jeugd en Gezin (CJG)......................................................................................50
7.5.5 Het jeugdwelzijnswerk.........................................................................................................50
7.5.6 De rol van de overheid.........................................................................................................50
7.6 Mogelijkheden voor behandeling van (problematisch) middelengebruik...................................51
7.6.1 Verslavingszorg in Nederland...............................................................................................51
7.6.2 E-Health...............................................................................................................................52
7.6.3 Jeugdhulp.............................................................................................................................52
8 Jongeren en geld................................................................................................................................52
8.1 De financiële situatie van jongeren anno nu...............................................................................52
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