NURS 350 Unit 4 Hematology Exam
Questions And Answers (Guaranteed A+)
What type of WBCs are usually the most predominant in a WBC differential? -
answer✔Segs/Polys: 50-62% [neutrophils]
What are Segs/Polys and Bands/Stabs? - answer✔Segs/Polys = Neutrophils
Bands/Stabs = immature neutrophils
What is leukocytosis? - answer✔Increased WBC
What is leukopenia? What does this increase the risk for? - answer✔Decreased WBC; infection
What is agranulocytosis? - answer✔Lacking/decrease granulocytes
What is eosinophilia? - answer✔Increased eosinophils
What is thrombocytopenia? What does this increase the risk for? - answer✔Decreased
platelets; increased risk for bleeding
What is a reticulocyte? What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - answer✔Immature
RBCs, indicates bone marrow's production of RBCs [could indicate hemolytic anemia]
What does an elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR] indicate? - answer✔Inflammation
What is meant by the morphology terms for RBC size? Normocytic, macrocytic, microcytic/and
RBC color Normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic - answer✔Normocytic: RBC shape is
appropriate
Macrocytic: cells are enlarged
Microcytic: cells are abnormally small
Normochromic: cell color is appropriate
Hypochromic: cell is decreased in pigment
Hyperchromic: cell is increased in pigment
What is the purpose of the blood morphology tests (MCV, MCH, MCHC)? - answer✔MCV= size
What are the 2 main megaloblastic anemias? - answer✔Pernicious (B12 deficiency) and Folate
deficiency anemia
What is the most common microcytic hypochromic anemia? - answer✔Iron deficiency anemia
What are the classic signs of anemia? - answer✔Pallor, fatigue, dizziness, dyspnea on exertion
[DOE]
What are the compensatory mechanisms that may occur to increase oxygenation of the
tissues? - answer✔Tachycardia, vasoconstriction, heart failure, tachypnea, increased breathing
depth, increased plasma volume [interstitial fluid moves into blood vessels]; Na+ and H2O
retention [from activation of RAAS]
What causes megaloblasts to form and why do they cause problems? - answer✔Defective DNA
synthesis leading to impaired erythropoiesis causing unusually large stem cells in the bone
marrow [called megaloblasts] because they are unusually large and fragile RBCs that may die
prematurely leading to increased bilirubin levels
What is pernicious anemia? What is intrinsic factor? Why do we need Vitamin B12? -
answer✔IF deficiency = Vit B deficiency
-Loss of gastric parietal cells which are needed for production of Intrinsic Factor
-IF is needed for absorption of Vitamin B12 in the ileum
-Vitamin B12 is necessary for RBC production - has a key role in brain and nervous system
function [needed for synthesis of myelin]
What is the cause/etiology of pernicious anemia? What are other causes of Vitamin B12
deficiency? - answer✔-From gastritis: Autoimmune atrophic gastritis [antibodies attack parietal
cells], chronic gastritis [from any cause, increase in elder]
-Other causes of B12 deficiency: decreased absorption/decreased intake --> artificially-induced
[gastrectomy], GI disorders [like Crohn's disease], Heavy alcohol intake, vegan diet [vitamin B12
sources are animal products; meat, shellfish, milk, eggs - should take B12 supplement];
medications
With severe pernicious anemia / Vitamin B12 deficiency what signs and symptoms may be
seen? - answer✔-General signs of anemia,
-neurologic manifestations [parasthesias of feet and fingers, ataxia, spasticity, depression,
memory loss];
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