NURS 350 Week 2 Exam Questions And
Answers (Guaranteed A+)
Definition of health: - answer✔Dynamic process with multiple assumptions and understandings
that evolve over time with varying professional perspectives and purpose
Who was credited with the birthplace of worldwide health promotion movement? -
answer✔Canada
When did the international concept of health switch focus from disease and why? - answer✔It
switched over in 1946 because the WHO created their definition of health which shifted
understanding from DISEASE CONTROL to include more comprehensive aspects of being human
Why is health promotion not synonymous with health education? - answer✔because health
education is only one of several key components and action areas of health promotion
Health promotion definition: - answer✔Process of enabling people to increase control over, and
improve, their health.
Health is seen as a resource of everyday life, not the objective of living.
Health promotion goes beyond healthy lifestyles, to well-being.
Health promotion represents a comprehensive SOCIAL AND POLITICAL process toward action to
change social, environmental, and economic conditions to lessen impact on individual and
public health (SDOH can have more impact than bio or physical DOH)
What is Primary Health Care? - answer✔essential health care based on practical, scientifically
sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to
individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the
community and country can afford to MAINTAIN at EVERY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT in the
spirit of self-reliance and self-determination.
Remember that primary care is NOT PHC--it refers to a person-centred approach (often
biomedical) to care delivery at point of entry into HC system
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What are the underlying VALUES of primary health care? - answer✔They are social justice and
equity
Social justice definition: - answer✔fair distribution of society's benefits and responsibilities and
focuses on eliminating the root causes of inequities, leading to equality of opportunities for
health
What are the five principles of primary health care? - answer✔1. accessibility
- universally available, delivered in a timely manner, regardless of geographic community
2. public participation
- design and delivery of HC needs to be flexible, responsive and ensure respect for diversity
3. Health Promo
- people build an understanding of SDOH and develop skills to improve and maintain their own
health and wellbeing
4. Appropriate technology
- equity is an important component
5. intersectoral collaboration or co-operation
- intersectoral collaboration is needed to establish NATIONAL and LOCAL health goals, healthy
policies, and planning and evaluation of health services
- must participate in government policy formation that impacts the health and well-being of
people in their society
What are the eight essential components of primary health care? (used as GUIDING PRINCIPLES
to set direction and measure success (outlined by WHO) - answer✔1. education about health
problems and prevention techniques
2. promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
3. adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
4. MATERNAL AND CHILD HC, including family planning
5. immunizations against major infectious diseases
6. prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
7. appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries using the primary health care
principles of appropriate technology
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
8. provision of essential drugs
What did the 1974 Lalonde report instigate? (how did it shift national thinking?) - answer✔-
shifted national thinking toward health promo (mainly lifestyle)
- the original SDOH are attributed to the lalonde report (expanded on later)
- unfortunately health promotion programs arose but this did not include the call for focus on
environment (physical and social) as one of the causes of ill health
What health event occurred in 1978? - answer✔The international conference on primary health
care resulted in the development of the Alma Ata (WHO)
What is the Alma Ata statement?
What did it draw attention to? - answer✔Health is a FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT and the
attainment of highest possible health is most important WORLDWIDE SOCIAL GOAL whos
realization requires the action of many other social and economic sectors in addition to health
sectors
- It drew attention to INEQUALITIES and the importance of COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
What occurred in 1986? - answer✔The Epp Report! "achieving health for all: a FRAMEWORK for
HEALTH PROMOTION"
What were the three mechanisms of health promo emphasized in the EPP REPORT? -
answer✔1. self care
2. actions people take to help each other cope
3. healthy environments
How did the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion come about? What year? What was it
intended to be? - answer✔- From the first international conference on health promotion (Epp
hosted it)
- 1986
- Intended to be a worldwide charter for action, presenting STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS
for HEALTH PROMOTION that were vital for progress toward individual and collective
commitment to the goal of "health for all by the year 2000". It remains a key policy document
of the international health promotion movement
What are the five key actions for health promotion? - answer✔1. building healthy public policy
2. creating supportive environments for health
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