NUR 529 - Exam 1 (Genetics) Questions And
Answers (Guaranteed A+)
Role of mRNA in protein synthesis - answer✔carries the instructions for protein synthesis,
obtained from the DNA molecule, into the cytoplasm (where protein synthesis takes place)
formed from DNA by transcription
role of tRNA in protein synthesis - answer✔reads the instructions and delivers appropriate
amino acids to the ribosome
role of rRNA in protein synthesis - answer✔translates the instructions and provides machinery
needed for protein synthesis
gene expression - answer✔the degree to which a gene or particular group of genes are actively
being transcribed
what initiates transcription? - answer✔RNA polymerase (enzyme that binds to a promoter site
on DNA)
mitosis creates ____ cells - answer✔somatic
meiosis creates ____ cells - answer✔germ (results in gametes)
organization of chromosomes - answer✔22 pairs of autosomes, 1 pair of sex chromosomes
polygenic inheritance - answer✔occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
multifactorial inheritance - answer✔an interaction between genes and the environment that
contributes to a phenotype or trait
genetic imprinting - answer✔type of transmission in which the parental genomes do not
contribute equally in the development (there is a parent of origin)
pedigree - answer✔graphic representation of genetic inheritance used by geneticists to map
genetic traits
genetic mapping - answer✔The process of determining the location and chemical sequence of
specific genes on specific chromosomes.
what DNA change contributes to aging - answer✔the shortening or erosion of telomeres
locus - answer✔position of a gene on a chromosome
Polymorphism - answer✔genes that have more than one normal allele (alternate forms) at the
same locus
codominance - answer✔A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
eg blood type is an example of codominance and polymorphism
what % does an autosomal dominant disorder have of being transmitted to each offspring? -
answer✔50% - transmitted regardless of sex
reduced penetrance - answer✔when a person inherits a dominant mutant gene but fails to
express it
variable expressivity - answer✔individuals with the same genotype may have different
phenotypes
eg polydactyly presenting in fingers vs toes
marfan syndrome - answer✔autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue that affects
fibrillin I
affects eyes (myopia and retinal detachment), CV system (mitral valve prolapse, weakness of
aorta), bones and joints
physical characteristics of Marfan syndrome - answer✔long, thin body with exceptionally long
extremities and long, tapering fingers (arachnodactyly)
treatment of Marfan syndrome - answer✔echocardiograms and electrocardiograms to assess
status of CV system, eye exams, evaluation of skeletal system
neurofibromatosis - answer✔genetic disorder that causes tumors to develop from Schwann
cells of neurologic system
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