These are the notes of Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology by Essential Biology with Physiology 6e. These notes helped me study for my Chapter 2 exam. I suggest writing these notes down with flashcards and memorizing them. That's how I passed my Chapter 2 Exam.
(Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology) Exam Class Notes
Elements and Compounds
Matter – Occupies space and has mass. Solid, liquid and gas (also plasma).
Mass – amount of material. Is not equivalent to weight.
Element – basic unit of matter. Cannot be broken down into parts that are considered
matter. There are 92 natural elements (and some artificially created).
In the periodic table each element is represented by a symbol along with atomic number
and atomic mass.
25 elements are essential to people (and animals). This was tested by dividing them of an
element.
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen make up 96% of our body. Most of the rest of
the 4% are elements needed in small amounts. Iron for hemoglobin, calcium for bones,
phosphorus for the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Trace elements are needed in
very small amounts.
2 or more elements combine to form compounds.
Elements are made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter. Atoms are made of
protons with positive charge in nucleus. Electrons with negative charge surrounding the
nucleus. Neutrons with no charge in nucleus.
If # protons = # electrons, the atom will be neutral.
All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but they may have a different
number of electrons = ions, or a different number of neutrons = isotope.
The atomic number is number of protons.
Atomic mass = # proton + # neutrons. (Electrons weigh very little).
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