1. Absorption - ANS-tissue is altered from the absorption of the beam; as power will
increase exclusive tissue consequences may be produced; lowest stage a
photochemical reaction, as fluence increases a photothermal response
2. Additional Safety measures - ANS-boxed foot pedals to keep away from twist of fate
depression; best character legally able to depress foot pedal at some stage in laser
procedure is a laser qualified healthcare professional
3. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - ANS-first posted standards in 1973 as
protection pointers for laser use in struggle, industry and health care
4. Argon - ANS-ionized argon as lively medium, used for photocoagulation, opthalmology;
argon and Nd:Yag laser beams are transmitted thru clean optical structures and fluids
and may be refocused via the lens of the attention inflicting damage to the retina
5. CO2 - ANS-skin resurfacing, laser facelifts, dermabrasion, genital wart elimination,
research the use of CO2 laser to weld human tissue; CO2 laser can damage the cornea
due to the fact the beam is absorbed effortlessly through water in the surface cells
6. Controlling get entry to - ANS-preventing inadvertent get entry to; laser warning
symptoms in any respect entrances; get admission to handiest for the ones skilled in
laser protection protocols; home windows and ports covered with appropriate safety for
the particular laser used
7. Eye protection guidelines - ANS-shows that shielding goggles and glasses should be
inscribed with the ideal filtering skills and good enough optical densities for the unique
wavelengths getting used
8. Eye safety: optical density - ANS-functionality of the lens fabric to take in a specific
wavelength
9. Eye protection: the patient - ANS-eyes additionally ought to be included throughout laser
intervention; general anesthesia - patient have to have eyes blanketed with moist gauze,
eye pads, or a towel; eyes have to be taped close; if conscious or beneath nearby mac
the patient should put on suitable eye safety - glasses/goggles
10. Fire safety - ANS-consciousness of laser biophysics and tissue interplay is important to
recognize moves needed to prevent laser fires; fires can be began by a pondered beam
as easily as an immediate impact; sterile water or saline solution have to be with no
trouble available to douse a small fireplace on affected person; combustibles which
includes spongers or towels ought to be kept wet for the duration of surgery
11. Fluence - ANS-involves the electricity and length of publicity of the beam and measures
the particular quantity of energy that is delivered to tissue; watts instances period time
divided by means of spot size
12. Holmium - ANS-YAG laser is a strong nation, pulsed laser, combines characteristics of
the carbon dioxide and neodymium:YAG lasers providing each tissue cutting and
coagulation in a single tool; maximum frequently used in urological approaches
(lithotripsy)
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