The vagus nerve mediates what inside the placing of systemic infection?
Enhanced gut motility
What kind of hormones are cytokines?
Polypeptide
Function of warmth shock proteins
Binding of autologous proteins to enhance ligand binding
Omega-three fatty acids have what have an effect on at the inflammatory reaction?
Decrease
What is a recognised have an effect on of TNF?
Expression of eicosanoids (like thromboxane)
What is an adhesion molecule?
Mediate leukocyte to endothelial adhesion
What is an instance of an adhesion molecule?
L-selectin
Physiologic have an effect on of NO
Increase clean muscle relaxation
Prostacyclin on systemic infection
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Calories in step with day for basal metabolism of healthful person?
20-25 kcal/kg/day
,Source of calories during acute starvation?
Fat
Source of energy for prolonged hunger?
Ketone bodies
Source of fuel after acute harm
fat
Sepsis increases metabolic needs via what %
50%
Most abundant amino acid
glutamine
Pt with fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea, no localizing sx, no supply. What do they have got?
SIRS
How lengthy can extended cortisol stages stick to a giant burn?
1 month
What is used to mitigate cortisol impacts on wound recovery?
Vitamin A
Overfeeding severely ill affected person can result in?
Increased contamination chance.
Initial enteral components for surgical patients?
Low-residual isotonic
Nutrient proportionally incrased in pulmonary failure enteral system?
Fats
,Vitamin no longer present in commercially organized IV diet arrangements and should be
supplemented with TPN?
Vitamin K
New onset of glucose intolerance in TPN dependent affected person can be because of?
Zinc deficiency
Potential physiologic have an effect on of anabolism (effective N stability)
glucosuria
% frame weight is water
50-60%
What is the biggest fluid compartment?
Intracellular
% NS that goes to interstitial area?
Seventy five%
Calculate serum osmolality: Na a hundred thirty, Cl 94, K 5.2, CO2 14, Glucose 360, BUN 84, Cr
3.2
310. Formula: Na x 2 + (BUN/2.Eight) + (Glucose/18)
Patient develops high output fistula after abd surgical treatment. Fluid is sent: Na a hundred
thirty five, K 5, Cl 70. What is the most in all likelihood source of the fistula?
Pancreas
Most probably dx in patient with normovolemic hyponatremia?
SIADH
Patient admitted with glucose of 500 and Na of 151. What is first-rate approximation of actual
serum sodium?
158. 1.6 mEq/ L Na growth for every one hundred mg/dL glucose over a hundred mg/dL
, Most likely dx in pt with serum Na of 152, urine Na of > 20 mEq/L, and urine osmolality of >
300mOsm/L?
Cushing's syndrome
What electrolyte abnormality can you get whilst on NSAIDS with renal insufficency?
Hyperkalemia
Electrolyte abnormality can cause decreased deep tendon reflexes?
Hypokalemia
Early ECG trade in hyperkalemia
peaked t waves
Post-op patient with K of two.Nine is given 1 mEq/kg substitute of KCl. Repeat check after
substitute show K is 3.0. Most probably dx?
Hypomagnesemia
Actual serum calcium stage in pt with albumin of 2.Zero and calcium of 6.6?
8.2. Corrected Ca = [0.8 x (normal albumin - patient's albumin)] + serum Ca degree
Cause of acute hypophosphatemia
refeeding syndrome
hypomagnesemia clinically resembles which of the following?
Hypocalcemia
Pt obtunded, Na one hundred thirty, Cl 105, K three.2 HCO3 15. Most probable Dx?
GI losses
Best fluid desire for serum fluid loss?
LR
First tx administered to patient with K of 6.3 and flattened P waves on EKG?
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