Clear and orderly summary of Chapter 2 of the book "Genetics analysis & principles Robert J. Brooker 6e edition". Together with all my other summaries of Genetics I got an 8,5 for this course.
Mendel’s’ experiments with garden peas refuted all of the above ideas about
inheritance
2.1 Mendel’s study of pea plants
Mendel’s chose pea plants as his experimental organism because
- pea plants available in several varieties in which a character existed in two
distinct variants. (groot/klein kleur/geen kleur)
- its structure allowed for easy crosses where the choice of parental plants
could be controlled
o self-fertilization;
pollen and egg derived from same plant
naturally occurs in peas because modified petal
(bloemblad) isolates the reproductive structures
(voorplantingsstructuur)
o cross-fertilization;
pollen and egg derived from different plants
required removing and manipulating anthers
(helmknoppen). Zie Plaatje
Cross/hybridization; crossing between two individuals that have different
characteristics. (purple-flowered plant X white-flowered plant) the
gametes come from different individuals
Hybrids; offspring that results from such a mating
Characters; general characteristics of an organism (i.e. eye
color)
Trait/variant; specific properties of a character (i.e. blue eyes)
True-breeding; variety that produces the same trait over
several generations
2.2 Law of segregation—monohybrid
Single-factor cross; cross in which experimenter observes one character
Monohybrids; crossing 2 variants of the same character.
Empirical approach; strategy in which experiments are designed to determine
quantitative relationships to derive laws that govern biological, chemical or physical
phenomena.
Empirical laws; laws that deduced (afgeleid) from an empirical approach
Single-factor crosses 3 key ideas
- variants may be dominant or recessive
- particular theory of inheritance; genes are passed unaltered from generation
to generation
- law of segregation states the following: two copies of a gene segregate from
each other during transmission from parent to offspring. So, the factors for a
given character segregate.
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