TEST BANK For Advanced Assessment Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition by Goolsby, Verified Chapters 1 - 22, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Advanced Assessment Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition by Goolsby, Verified ...
,Chapter 1. Assessment
n m nm n m and n m Clinical Decision-Making: n m n m Overview
Multiple Choice
nm
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
nm 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
nm 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Methodical and systematic nm nm
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
nm nm nm nm nm nm
nm 3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Chief complaint nm
B. History of the present illness nm nm nm nm
C. Current vital signs nm nm
D. All of the above are essential history components
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
nm 4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
must beable to:
nm nm nm nm
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings nm nm nm nm nm
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings nm nm
nm 5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Evidence-based investigations nm
B. Primary reports of research nm nm nm
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience nm nm nm nm nm
D. Published meta-analyses nm
nm 6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article nm nm nm nm nm nm
B. Clinical practice guidelines nm nm
C. Evidence-based research nm
D. All of the above nm nm nm
nm 7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above nm nm nm
,nm 8. If nm a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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nm 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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nm nm nm n m 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
nmbased on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
nmsituations, settings, and/orpatients?
nm nm nm
A. Clinical practice guideline
nm nm
B. Clinical decision rule nm nm
C. Clinical algorithm nm
D. Clinical recommendation nm
, Answer Section
nm
MULTIPLE CHOICE
nm
1. ANS: B n m
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making:
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intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making)
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is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful
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consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D n m
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s
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verbal andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to
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questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
uncertainty.
nm
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C n m
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
healthhistory.
nm nm
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D n m
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
between normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions,
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
findings.
nm
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C n m
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and
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published meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely
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used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is
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an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific evidence.
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Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to
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facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D n m
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been
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developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice
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guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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