Exam 2 COPD
What is COPD? - Question and answers-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Airflow limitation
-Chronic airflow obstruction
-Not fully reversible
-Usually progressive
-Chronic, abnormal inflammatory response
What is the epidemiology of COPD? - Question and answers-3rd leading cause of death
in the US
-Affects over 10 million people in the US
-Occurs predominantly in individuals older than 40 years
-5th most common cause of disability worldwide
What kind of Global health epidemic has COPD caused? - Question and answers-Will
move from 6th leading cause of death globally to 3rd by 2020
-Prevalence 7-19%
-South Africa has highest prevalence
+22.2% of men, 16.7% of women
-Germany has the lowest
+8.6% of men, 3.7% of women
What is the etiology of COPD? - Question and answers-Airflow limitation results from
both small airway obstruction and emphysema
-Small airways become narrowed
-COPD patients report they are "hungry" for air
What are common contributors to COPD? - Question and answers-Emphysema
-chronic bronchitis are the two most common
-Classic triad also includes asthma
What is the epidemiology of emphysema? - Question and answers-Abnormal
permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles -18 cases per
1000 persons
-Rate has stayed the same since 2000
-Destruction of alveloar walls without obvious fibrosis
-Emphysema causes dilation of air spaces by destruction of the alveolar wall
+Collapse of alveoli during expiration
What is the etiology of emphysema? - Question and answers-"Pink puffer"
-Gradual destruction of the pulmonary capillary bed
-Less surface area for gas exchange
-Body compensates by hyperventilation
, What are 4 different classifications of emphysema? - Question and answers1.
Centriacinar
2. Panacinar
3. Paraseptal
4. Mixed/Irregular
Describe the Centriacinar aka centrilobular classifications of Emphysema? - Question
and answers1. Dilatation of respiratory bronchiole
2. Localized to the proximal respiratory bronchioles
3. Focal destruction
4. Predominantly upper lung zones
5. Long-standing cigarette smoking
6. Dust inhalation:
Coal mine workers
Centrilobular emphysema - Question and answers
Describe the Panacinar (panlobular)
classifications of Emphysema? - Question and answersDestroys the entire alveolus
uniformly
Predominantly lower half of lungs
In people who smoke, may accompany centriacinar emphysema
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
Panacinar photo - Question and answers
Describe what alpha I-antitrypsin (AAT) is? - Question and answers1. Protein produced
in the liver
2. Normally found in lungs and bloodstream
3. Protects the lungs from damage caused by neutrophil elastase
+Enzyme disrupts connective tissue +Inflammation
What are symptoms of Alpha I-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency? - Question and answers1.
Shortness of breath
2. Decreased exercise capacity
3. Wheezing
4. Frequent respiratory infections 5. Jaundice
6. Swelling in the abdomen and legs
7. Chronic cough
What is the epidemiology of alpha I-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency? - Question and
answers1. Rare disorder
2. 1% of all COPD patients
3. With this you are more likely to develop emphysema and also be:
a. Younger age (30-40)
What is COPD? - Question and answers-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Airflow limitation
-Chronic airflow obstruction
-Not fully reversible
-Usually progressive
-Chronic, abnormal inflammatory response
What is the epidemiology of COPD? - Question and answers-3rd leading cause of death
in the US
-Affects over 10 million people in the US
-Occurs predominantly in individuals older than 40 years
-5th most common cause of disability worldwide
What kind of Global health epidemic has COPD caused? - Question and answers-Will
move from 6th leading cause of death globally to 3rd by 2020
-Prevalence 7-19%
-South Africa has highest prevalence
+22.2% of men, 16.7% of women
-Germany has the lowest
+8.6% of men, 3.7% of women
What is the etiology of COPD? - Question and answers-Airflow limitation results from
both small airway obstruction and emphysema
-Small airways become narrowed
-COPD patients report they are "hungry" for air
What are common contributors to COPD? - Question and answers-Emphysema
-chronic bronchitis are the two most common
-Classic triad also includes asthma
What is the epidemiology of emphysema? - Question and answers-Abnormal
permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles -18 cases per
1000 persons
-Rate has stayed the same since 2000
-Destruction of alveloar walls without obvious fibrosis
-Emphysema causes dilation of air spaces by destruction of the alveolar wall
+Collapse of alveoli during expiration
What is the etiology of emphysema? - Question and answers-"Pink puffer"
-Gradual destruction of the pulmonary capillary bed
-Less surface area for gas exchange
-Body compensates by hyperventilation
, What are 4 different classifications of emphysema? - Question and answers1.
Centriacinar
2. Panacinar
3. Paraseptal
4. Mixed/Irregular
Describe the Centriacinar aka centrilobular classifications of Emphysema? - Question
and answers1. Dilatation of respiratory bronchiole
2. Localized to the proximal respiratory bronchioles
3. Focal destruction
4. Predominantly upper lung zones
5. Long-standing cigarette smoking
6. Dust inhalation:
Coal mine workers
Centrilobular emphysema - Question and answers
Describe the Panacinar (panlobular)
classifications of Emphysema? - Question and answersDestroys the entire alveolus
uniformly
Predominantly lower half of lungs
In people who smoke, may accompany centriacinar emphysema
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
Panacinar photo - Question and answers
Describe what alpha I-antitrypsin (AAT) is? - Question and answers1. Protein produced
in the liver
2. Normally found in lungs and bloodstream
3. Protects the lungs from damage caused by neutrophil elastase
+Enzyme disrupts connective tissue +Inflammation
What are symptoms of Alpha I-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency? - Question and answers1.
Shortness of breath
2. Decreased exercise capacity
3. Wheezing
4. Frequent respiratory infections 5. Jaundice
6. Swelling in the abdomen and legs
7. Chronic cough
What is the epidemiology of alpha I-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency? - Question and
answers1. Rare disorder
2. 1% of all COPD patients
3. With this you are more likely to develop emphysema and also be:
a. Younger age (30-40)
