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BIO 431 - Exam 3 Questions and Answers
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BIO 431 - Exam 3 Questions and Answers
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BIO 431 - Exam 3 Questions andAnswers
What are the key aspects of hormonal regulation during the menstrual cycle? - Answer-•
Estrogen increases during the first half of the cycle.
• Developing follicles produce estradiol
→ Estradiol stimulates LH and FSH production → LH surges
• Mature follicles produce inhibin
→ Inhibin represses FSH production
• Corpus Luteum increases progesterone production
→ Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH production → Estradiol decreases
• Corpus Luterum degenerates if there is no implantation → Progesterone decreases.
What are the hormones in the common female contraceptive and how do they work to
prevent pregnancy? - Answer-• Pill: Estrogens and progesterone are kept at high levels,
mimicking the luteal phase → Progesterone is produced and inhibits LH and FSH
production → Ovulation is suppressed.
• IUD: Leukocytes are produce and kills sperm and egg → Implantation does not occur.
Describe methods for male birth control and discuss possible pros and cons for these
methods? - Answer-• Exogenous androgen supplements: Androgen is elevated, inhibits
LH production and blocks endogenous androgen production.
- Cons: Infertility
• Vasectomy: Vasa deferentia is cut and sealed → Men is sterilized.
- Cons: Not easily reversible
• Suspensories: Briefs keep testes close and raise temperature slightly
• RISUG: Injectable compound that partially blocks vas deferentia
• Injected plug: A plug is inserted in the vas deferentia
• Intra vas device: Silicone plug blocks sperm flow
• Adjudin: Drug disrupts sperm maturation
• ZP-mimics: Sperm enzymes needed for fertilization are inhibited.
What are the steps related to oogenesis and ovulation during the menstrual cycle? -
Answer-• Menstruation phase starts, oocyte and follicle develop.
- Developing follicle stimulates estradiol production
→ Estradiol stimulates LH and FSH production → LH surges
• Menstrual phase overlaps with part of follicular phase
- Mature follicles produce inhibin
→ Inhibin represses FSH production
• Ovulation occurs just after peak of estradiol level and occurs at peak of LH and FSH
levels
• Corpus Luteum increases progesterone production
→ Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH production → Estrodiol decreases
• Corpus Luterum degenerates if there is no implantation → Progesterone decreases.
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