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ANSC 431 Exam 4 Questions and Answers
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ANSC 431 Exam 4 Questions and Answers
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ANSC 431 Exam 4 Questions andAnswers
Puerperium period - Answer-time after parturition where repro tract returns to non-prego
state (repro repair)
-hopefully timely so can rebreed quickly
4 events of puerperium - Answer-1. endometrial repair
2. myometrial contractions + expulsion of locha
(discharge after birth= fluid and tissue debris)
3. resumption of ovarian function
4. elimination of bacterial contamination of tract
myometrial contractions - Answer--remove tissue/debris and discharge of fluid
-compress uterine vasculature
-minimize hemorrhage
-reduce overall size of uterus
timeline of myometrial contractions after birth - Answer-start immediately after birth for
4-5 minute intervals several days postpartum
uterine length and weight postpartum - Answer-significant decrease in uterine length
and weight over first 3 weeks
-in cow, you can get mg-g of collagen from urine which is reflective of the extent of
remodeling of the uterus
uterine involution - Answer-return of the uterus back to normal size, shape and tone
-resumption of ovarian activity
-help eliminate/minimize the risk of bacterial contamination
what does the increase in estradoil promote in the uterus? - Answer-promotes
leukocytosis which leads to phagocytosis
conditions that predispose the uterus to infections are - Answer--retained fetal
membranes
-dystocia and delay in lochial expulsion brought about by weak myometrial contractions
metritis - Answer-bacterial infection of all layers of the uterus
-associated with systemic infection (can be fatal)
endometritis - Answer-infection of only the endometrium (very common
postpartum(cattle))
-longer infection time
, -significantly impacts subsequent fertility (absence of heat behavior and poor uterus
enviro.)
pyometra - Answer-pus in the uterus
what are the affects of the failure to eliminate bacterial contamination? - Answer-1.
prolonged uterine involution
2. prolong the puerperium
3. delay subsequent pregnancies
lactation - Answer-the capacity of an animal to produce milk through the mammary
gland to support the development of the newborn offspring
-unique to mammals
why is lactation tied to reproduction? - Answer-many of the endocrine events that drive
lactation after parturition are initiated during gestation by hormones secreted by the
placenta
-synchronicity between initiation of lactation and the point parturition occurs
mammogenesis - Answer-development of the mammary gland
-starts in fetal development
what tissues does the mammary gland have? - Answer-stomal, ductal and secretory
mammary gland development - Answer-1. mammary ridges
2. primary mammary buds
3. secondary buds
4. canalization
mammary ridges - Answer-thickened epidermal tissue that gives rise to the mammary
gland
-positioning is species dependent
-tissue begins to invade and penetrate the dermis
primary mammary buds - Answer-epidermal tissue invades into dermis to
secondary mammary buds - Answer-protrusions form away from primary bud and
branch further into dermis
canalization - Answer-secondary buds branch and lengthen and develop into canals for
future duct system
-myoepithelial cells surround terminal ends
-allows passage of milk
what are the 2 types of mammary gland positioning and species that go with them? -
Answer-thoracic = primates
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