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BICH 431 Exam 1 Terms Questions with Complete Solutions
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BICH 431 Exam 1 Terms Questions with Complete Solutions
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BICH 431 Exam 1 Terms Questions withComplete Solutions
inductive reasoning - Answer-start with observation and look to see a pattern
make hypothesis
hypothesis becomes theory
inductive leaps - Answer-pitfalls in inductive rasoning
generalizations (all-----)
deductive reasoning - Answer-start with general theory
develop hypothesis
make observations and do experiment to confirm
dominant trait - Answer-seen after a cross of two true-breeding parents that have one of
each trait
dominant trait (molecular) - Answer-expressed by an organism and produces a
functional gene product
recessive trait (molecular) - Answer-caused by a mutation that causes the gene to no
longer be fully functional
mutant - Answer-carries a heritable change in genetic material that is different from the
wild type
mutation - Answer-heritable change to genetic material
why are most mutations recessive to the wild-type allele? - Answer-it is much more
likely that a mutation with detrimentally change the function of the proteins produced
(deacvitating)
Complement - Answer-an organism has a complete set of genes that allows a WT
phenotype
-two different genotype give a wt phenotype when combined
failure to complement - Answer-two genotypes are combined and they don't give a wt
phenotype
haplosufficient - Answer-complete loss of function with mutation
haploinsufficient - Answer-in WT function is still not complete
, complementation in Drosophilia experiment - Answer-determined that different eye
colors were all mutants were in the white gene
W+ is ABD transporter of pigment
why do molecular geneticists care about mutants? - Answer-understand function of
each specific gene
changing one thing at a time
spontaneous mutations - Answer-replication errors
DNA damage
transposable elements
replication errors - Answer-DNA polymerase error
DNA damage that doesn't get repaired before replication fork hits that area
after proof reading, only 1 in 10 billion bases is wrong
nonsense mutation - Answer-causes DNA that coded for an amino acid to code for
nothing (stop codon)
results in truncated protein
missense mutation - Answer-causes DNA to code for a different amino acid than it is
supposed to
silent mutation - Answer-doesn't actually change an amino acid, just the code
frameshift mutation - Answer-insertion, deletion, etc.
causes a different amino acid and will result in a truncated protein
null - Answer-complete loss of function
gain of function - Answer-normal function is faster or better
new function may be added
loss of function - Answer-partial loss of function or slower reaction rate
conditional mutation - Answer-sensitive to environment, temp sensitive is common
synthetic mutation - Answer-need more than one mutation in the same gene to see a
phenotype
point mutation - Answer-(how mutation behaves genetically)
-change in single nucleotide
-transition or transversion
transition - Answer-purine to purine (A-G) or pyrimidine to pyrimidine (C-T)
(how mutation behaves genetically)
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