Bio 431 Urinary System Exam Questions
with Latest Update
Regulation of blood volume, osmolarity, & composition
Regulation of BP, pH, & blood glucose levels
Hormone production
Waste & foreign substance excretion
Urine transport (ureter), storage (bladder), & release (urethra) - Answer-Function of
Kidney, ureters, bladder, & urethra
Renal A., Segmental A., Interlobular A., Arcuate A., Cortical Radiate A., Afferent A.,
Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, peritubular venules,
Cortical Radiate veins, Arcuate veins, Interlobular veins, Renal veins - Answer-blood
flow of kidney
Renal Nerves - Answer-innervate kidneys and ureters
regulate blood flow
sympathetic
Nephrons - Answer-filtering units of the kidney that remove wastes from the blood and
produce urine
in the millions
has renal corpuscle and renal tubule
renal corpuscle - Answer-has glomerulus and bowman's capsule
glomerulus - Answer-A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the
nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
fed by afferent arterioles (wider) and drained by efferent arterioles
bowman's capsule - Answer-cup-shaped structure of the nephron of a kidney which
encloses the glomerulus.
visceral layer- podocytes that wrap around the glomerulus
parietal layer- forms the space around visceral layer
filtrate is collected between these layers
mesangial cells - Answer-contractile cells that help regulate glomerular filtration
glomerular endothelial cells - Answer-have large fenestrations through which solutes
pass
Basal lamina - Answer-lies between endothelium and podocytes
, pedicels - Answer-Filtration slits in the outermost layer of the filtration membrane made
by podocytes.
mostly protein-free plasma - Answer-filtrate
cortical nephrons - Answer-85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex
Renal corpuscles are in outer cortex with short loops of Henle
Drain blood to peritubular capillaries
Create urine with osmolarity similar to blood
Juxtamedullary Nephrons - Answer-15% of nephrons; Next (close to) medulla
Renal corpuscles are deep in cortex with long nephron loops
Drain blood to peritubular capillaries & vasa recta
Enable kidney to secrete very concentrated urine
Juxtaglomerular (JG) Apparatus - Answer-Located between ascending loop & the
afferent arteriole
regulates blood pressure in the glomerulus (autoregulation)
Asc. loop contains macula densa cells
Aff. arteriole contains smooth muscle cells called juxtaglomerular cells
1.Glomerular Filtration
2.Reabsorption
3.Secretion - Answer-Steps in Urine filtration
Excretion rate of solute - Answer-filtration rate of solute + secretion rate of solute −
reabsorption rate of solute
Glomerular Filtration - Answer-Driven by blood pressure (aka GBHP)& opposed by
capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) & blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
150-180 liters of filtrate/day
Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) - Answer-the difference between net hydrostatic pressure
and net osmotic pressure
GBHP-CHP-BCOP
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - Answer-the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys
each minute
125 ml/min (males) & 105 ml/min (women)
High GFR - Answer-substances pass too quickly & are not reabsorbed
Low GFR - Answer-nearly all substances are reabsorbed & waste excretion is
inadequate
Renal Autoregulation
with Latest Update
Regulation of blood volume, osmolarity, & composition
Regulation of BP, pH, & blood glucose levels
Hormone production
Waste & foreign substance excretion
Urine transport (ureter), storage (bladder), & release (urethra) - Answer-Function of
Kidney, ureters, bladder, & urethra
Renal A., Segmental A., Interlobular A., Arcuate A., Cortical Radiate A., Afferent A.,
Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, peritubular venules,
Cortical Radiate veins, Arcuate veins, Interlobular veins, Renal veins - Answer-blood
flow of kidney
Renal Nerves - Answer-innervate kidneys and ureters
regulate blood flow
sympathetic
Nephrons - Answer-filtering units of the kidney that remove wastes from the blood and
produce urine
in the millions
has renal corpuscle and renal tubule
renal corpuscle - Answer-has glomerulus and bowman's capsule
glomerulus - Answer-A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the
nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
fed by afferent arterioles (wider) and drained by efferent arterioles
bowman's capsule - Answer-cup-shaped structure of the nephron of a kidney which
encloses the glomerulus.
visceral layer- podocytes that wrap around the glomerulus
parietal layer- forms the space around visceral layer
filtrate is collected between these layers
mesangial cells - Answer-contractile cells that help regulate glomerular filtration
glomerular endothelial cells - Answer-have large fenestrations through which solutes
pass
Basal lamina - Answer-lies between endothelium and podocytes
, pedicels - Answer-Filtration slits in the outermost layer of the filtration membrane made
by podocytes.
mostly protein-free plasma - Answer-filtrate
cortical nephrons - Answer-85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex
Renal corpuscles are in outer cortex with short loops of Henle
Drain blood to peritubular capillaries
Create urine with osmolarity similar to blood
Juxtamedullary Nephrons - Answer-15% of nephrons; Next (close to) medulla
Renal corpuscles are deep in cortex with long nephron loops
Drain blood to peritubular capillaries & vasa recta
Enable kidney to secrete very concentrated urine
Juxtaglomerular (JG) Apparatus - Answer-Located between ascending loop & the
afferent arteriole
regulates blood pressure in the glomerulus (autoregulation)
Asc. loop contains macula densa cells
Aff. arteriole contains smooth muscle cells called juxtaglomerular cells
1.Glomerular Filtration
2.Reabsorption
3.Secretion - Answer-Steps in Urine filtration
Excretion rate of solute - Answer-filtration rate of solute + secretion rate of solute −
reabsorption rate of solute
Glomerular Filtration - Answer-Driven by blood pressure (aka GBHP)& opposed by
capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) & blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
150-180 liters of filtrate/day
Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) - Answer-the difference between net hydrostatic pressure
and net osmotic pressure
GBHP-CHP-BCOP
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - Answer-the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys
each minute
125 ml/min (males) & 105 ml/min (women)
High GFR - Answer-substances pass too quickly & are not reabsorbed
Low GFR - Answer-nearly all substances are reabsorbed & waste excretion is
inadequate
Renal Autoregulation
