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Bio 431-Exam2-Immune system Questions and Answers
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Bio 431-Exam2-Immune system Questions and Answers
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Bio 431-Exam2-Immune systemQuestions and Answers
What are the 2 types of immune defenses we possess and what are there key
differences. - Answer-Innate immunity-it is inherited, its nonspecific-wide range, and it
has no memory so it is always the same reaction.
Adaptive immunity- you develop this during your life even though you start with
immunocompetence, it has a memory so it is primed by exposures, it is specific.
Explain the first line of defense and the importance of each factor. - Answer-Surface
membrane barriers-the first line of defense is skin and mucous membranes. If skin is
unbroken, it usually can't be penetrated, it has cilia and mucus, secretions like acids and
enzymes= antibacterial, acidic ph of skin and sebum of skin.
enzymes in your stomach vagina tears and saliva destroy pathogens.
Which cells perform phagocytosis? - Answer-neutrophils and macrophages.
Which line of defense does phagocytosis occur in? - Answer-The 2nd line of defense.
Explain the steps involved in phagocytosis. - Answer-1) Adherence to the pathogen
(grabs it)
2) Phagosome (specialized vesicle)
3) Phagosome fuses with a lysozome to destroy the pathogen.
What cells do NK cells target and how do they destroy them? - Answer-cells target
cancer cells and virally infected cells. They destroy them by secreting proteins that form
a hole in the targets membrane causing lysis.
Where are NK cells found? - Answer-in the blood and lymph.
What is inflammation a response to? - Answer-injuries and various pathogens.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - Answer-1. redness
2. edema
3. pain
4. heat
(5th sign can be considered joint pain but its not always present)
Explain how inflammation begins. - Answer-injury/infection-chemicals released from
damaged tissue- WBC's come in.
(vasodilation and capillary permeability)
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