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Biol 431 Lecture Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers
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Biol 431 Lecture Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers
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Biol 431 Lecture Exam 3 Questions withCorrect Answers
T or F: Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory
water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is
termed facultative water reabsorption. - Answer-True
True or F: In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are
relatively impermeable to water. - Answer-True
T or F: The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH. - Answer-
False
T or F: The urethra contains an external sphincter of smooth muscle. - Answer-False
T or F: High blood pressure triggers granular cells of the juxtaglomerular complex to
release renin. - Answer-False
T or F: Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions
from the filtrate. - Answer-True
T or F: Salt is actively transported out of the filtrate in the nephron loop. - Answer-True
T or F: Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH. - Answer-True
T or F: Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption. - Answer-True
T or F: Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic
gradient. - Answer-True
The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________.
a) aids in the passive excretion of nitrogenous waste
b) is easily broken and replaced often
c) aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule - Answer-C
If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted
by granular cells. Which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
a) Kidney perfusion will increase.
b) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease.
c) Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase. - Answer-A
,Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic
and extrinsic controls of the kidney?
a) Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic
controls have a greater effect on GFR.
b) Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will
increase blood plasma volumes.
c) Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways. - Answer-A
Bulk flow of nutrients, ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of
the following except one. Select the answer below that does NOT describe a cause of
bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.
a) increased resistance to blood flow at the efferent arteriole
b) leaky tight junctions of peritubular capillary's endothelium
c) higher osmotic pressure in the peritubular capillary - Answer-B
The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the
permeability properties of the ________.
a) glomerular filtration membrane
b) nephron loop
c) collecting duct - Answer-B
An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n)
________.
a) increase in the production of aldosterone
b) decrease in the production of ADH
c) increase in the production of ADH - Answer-C
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.
a) by a decrease in the blood pressure
b) when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
c) when the pH of the urine decreases - Answer-A
The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.
a) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
b) is freely permeable to sodium and urea
c) pulls water by osmosis into the lumen of the tubule - Answer-A
Select the correct statement about the ureters.
, a) The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
b) The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of
stretch.
c) Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of
urine. - Answer-A
Which of the following does NOT describe the juxtaglomerular complex?
a) Its granular cells produce rennin.
b) Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone.
c) It regulates the rate of filtrate formation. - Answer-B
Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?
a) the sympathetic efferents
b) motor neurons
c) the stretching of the bladder wall - Answer-C
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.
a) active transport
b) filtration
c) osmosis - Answer-C
The macula densa cells respond to ________.
a) changes in Na+ content of the filtrate
b) aldosterone
c) antidiuretic hormone - Answer-A
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________.
a) inhibits the release of ADH
b) increases the rate of glomerular filtration
c) increases secretion of ADH - Answer-A
The direct function of angiotensin II is to ________.
a) decrease water absorption
b) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
c) decrease arterial blood pressure - Answer-B
Which of the following is incorrect?
a) The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced.
b) The kidneys produce a small volume of concentrated urine when dehydrated.
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