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BIOL 431 Unit 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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BIOL 431 Unit 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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BIOL 431 Unit 1 Exam Questions withCorrect Answers
What does the cardiovascular system consist of? - Answer-Heart, blood vessels, and
blood
Define pericardium - Answer-A double-walled sac around the heart
3 functions of the pericardium - Answer-1. Protect the heart and anchor the heart
2. Prevents overfilling of the heart
3. Reduces friction
2 layers of the pericardium - Answer-Fibrous and serous
3 layers of the serous pericardium - Answer-1. Parietal layer
2. Pericardial cavity
3. Visceral layer/epicardium
Pericardial cavity is filled with? - Answer-Serous fluid
What're the 3 layers of the heart? - Answer-1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
Which layer of the heart is considered the "fibrous skeleton" and what is its function? -
Answer-1. Myocardium
2. Forms a connective network of tissue that allows the heart to contract on itself
Which muscles make up the atriums? - Answer-Pectinate muscles
3 places blood enters the RIGHT atrium - Answer-1. Superior vena cava
2. Inferior vena cava
3. Coronary sinus
Function of coronary sinus - Answer-Receives blood from coronary veins and empties
into the right atrium
Where does the blood that enters the LEFT atrium come from? - Answer-Pulmonary
veins
What 2 muscles make up the ventricles? - Answer-Papillary muscles and trabeculae
carneae
Define chordae tendineae - Answer-Cords that attach to the heart valves
,Define trabeculae carneae - Answer-Grooves in between the papillary muscles
Where does the RIGHT ventricle pump the blood into? - Answer-Pulmonary trunk
Where does the LEFT ventricle pump the blood into? - Answer-Aorta
Define fossa ovalis - Answer-Used to connect the two atria of the fetal heart;
immediately closes after your first breath
Define ligamentum arteriosum - Answer-Remnants of the connection between the
pulmonary trunk and aorta
Why are the muscles of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle? - Answer-The
left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, while the right ventricle only pumps it to
the lungs
Describe the shape of the left ventricle versus the right ventricle - Answer-LV has a
rounder shape, while the RV is crescent shaped and wraps around the left ventricle
entirely
Describe pulmonary circulation - Answer-The right atrium receives blood from the body
and the right ventricle ejects blood to the lungs
Describe systemic circulation - Answer-The left atrium receives blood from the lungs
and the left ventricle ejects blood to the body
Name the atrioventricular valves - Answer-Tricuspid (RA and RV) and bicuspid/mitral
(LA and LV)
Function of the AV valves - Answer-Prevent backflow of blood into the atria
Function of chordae tendineae - Answer-Anchors the AV valves to the papillary muscles
Name the semilunar valves - Answer-Pulmonary valve (RA and RV) and aortic valve
(LA and LV)
Function of the semilunar valves - Answer-Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
What keeps the SL valves closed? - Answer-Back pressure in the pulmonary trunk/aorta
What is the pressure in the aorta when contracted? Relaxed? - Answer-120 mmHg, 80
mmHg
What is the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs? - Answer-1. Right atrium
2. Tricuspid AV valve
, 3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary SL valve
5. Pulmonary trunk
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid/mitral AV valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic SL valve
13. Ascending aorta
14. Aortic arch
15. Systemic circulation
Define coronary circulation - Answer-The functional blood supply to the heart muscle
itself
Function of collateral routes in the heart - Answer-Provide additional pathways for blood
delivery to the heart muscle
Where does arterial blood originate from? - Answer-Aorta
Small cardiac vein correlates with the? - Answer-Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein correlates with? - Answer-Anterior interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein correlates with the? - Answer-Posterior interventricular artery
Where does venous blood of the heart drain into? - Answer-Coronary sinus
Define angina pectoris - Answer-Reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation
Symptoms of angina pectoris - Answer-Pressure in chest, pain down arm (signs of
"heart attack" but NOT A TRUE HEART ATTACK)
Define myocardial infarction - Answer-Blockage of blood flow; heart attack
Symptoms of heart attack - Answer-Death; cardiac arrest
Purpose of coronary artery bypass grafts - Answer-Take arteries from other places in
your body and use them to provide alternate routes around blocked arteries
List the 3 types of muscle tissue - Answer-1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
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