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Final Exam Bio 431 Questions with Verified Answers
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Final Exam Bio 431 Questions with Verified Answers
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Final Exam Bio 431 Questions withVerified Answers
Blood has both intracellular and extracellular fluids.
True
False - Answer-True
the RBCs and WBCs have fluid within the cell (cytosol) which constitutes intracellular
fluid. The extracellular fluid (matrix of the connective tissue) outside of the cells is
plasma.
The pH of blood is normally ______________.
acidic
basic
alkaline - Answer-basic & alkaline
Recall that a pH above 7 would be considered basic (aka alkaline).
Hypotonic solutions cause red blood cells to crenate.
True
False - Answer-false
Hypotonic solutions have a solute concentration lower than the cell. This means that the
net movement of water would be into the cell. This would cause the cell to swell and
burst. CRENATION is our word for shrinkage specifically as it applies to RBCs.
The nucleus of the erythrocyte is pushed out to make room for
platelets
albumin
hemoglobin
antibodies - Answer-hemoglobin
The hematocrit of the blood sample shown is
55%
45%
not determinable - Answer-45%
The hematocrit is equivalent to the volume of red blood cells
A 12-year old has Type O blood, they will have which of the following antibodies present
in their blood. Choose all that apply.
anti-Rh antibodies
anti-A antibodies
anti-B antibodies
anti-O antibodies - Answer-Anti A-antibodies & anti B-antibodies
,Recall that the antibodies found in the blood are the opposite of the antigens found on
the surface of the RBC. Type O blood doesn't have Type A or Type B antigens and so it
has both types of antibodies. Antibodies against the Rh factor are only present in very
special situations.
If Sarah has A positive blood, she may receive blood from all of the following EXCEPT:
O positive
O negative
A negative
AB positive - Answer-AB postive
The anti-B antibodies in the blood of an individual with Type A blood would attack the
Type B antigens present in Type AB blood. A person who is Rh positive can have Rh
positive or Rh negative blood since Rh negative is the absence of the antigen. We don't
have to worry about the antibodies in the donor's blood because we give only packed
RBCS with the plasma removed.
Hematocrit can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect anemia.
True
False - Answer-True
One of the reasons for being anemic is a lower than normal number of RBCs. A lower
number of RBCs translates to a low hematocrit since hematocrit is a way to measure
RBCs.
Thrombin plays a role in which of the following (choose all that apply)
positive feedback of coagulation
negative feedback of coagulation
vascular spasm - Answer-positive feedbacks of coagulation & negative feedback of
coagulation
Thrombin can make the clot bigger (positive feedback) by activating clot factors and by
making platelets more sticky. Thrombin makes the clot smaller (negative feedback) by
activating plasminogen to be converted into plasmin which breaks down a clot.
Thrombin also makes fibrin less available (negative feedback). Vascular spasm is an
independent event.
choose all of the following that are functions of the lymphatic system.
Balance the pH of the blood
Picks up excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the cardiovascular system
Transportation of lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
Regulation of body temperature - Answer-picks up excess interstitial fluid and returns it
to the cardiovascular system
transportation of lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
Which of the following does NOT assist in the movement of lymph?
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Pressure changes during breathing
, A mass of tissue that acts as a pump
All of the above assist in the movement of lymph - Answer-a mass tissue that acts as a
pump
The cardiovascular system has a pump, the heart. The heart doesn't play a role in
moving lymph. Smooth muscle is found in both blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
The pressure changes between body cavities are a result of the movement of the
diaphragm with breathing.
Which of the following is/are true of both a lymph node and the spleen?
They both have a hilum.
They both filter whole blood (RBCs and plasma)
They both have trabeculae.
They are both primary lymphatic organs. - Answer-they both have a hilum
they both have trabeculae
They both have a hilum. Look at the illustrations to convice yourself of this. They both
filter but the spleen filters whole blood and the lymph node filters lymph (plasma like
fluid). They both have trabeculae which structurally functions in the filtration. They are
both secondary lymphatic organs.
Which of the following structures are found in both tonsils and lymph nodes?
capsules
germinal centers
afferent lymphatic vessels - Answer-germinal centers
The germinal centers for both the tonsils and the lymph nodes are located in the
lymphoid follicles. Only lymph nodes have capsules and afferent lymphatic vessels.
The primary lymphoid organs is/are the (Choose all that apply)
lymph nodes.
red bone marrow.
thymus gland.
spleen. - Answer-red bone marrow & thymus gland
We will see that the red bone marrow and the thymus are responsible for the maturation
of the B and T lymphocytes. This is why they are the primary lymphatic organs.
Which of the following act as (a) first line defense mechanism(s) for the body? Choose
all that apply.
the skin
lymphocytes
mucous membranes - Answer-the skin & the mucous membrane
Lymphocytes play a role in the third line defense mechanisms. The skin and mucous
membranes are surface barriers that play a role in the first line defenses.
Which of the following is a chemical mechanism of resistance?
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