Samenvatting
Grondslagen van het recht
Hoofdlijnen 1
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Recht .................................................................................................................... 8
1. Rechtsregels ....................................................................................................................... 8
2. Rechtsregels en andere sociale regels ................................................................................ 8
3. Rechtssystemen .................................................................................................................. 8
3.1. Functies rechtssysteem (rechtssociologie onderscheidt het volgend) ......................... 8
3.2. Functies van staatsorganen ......................................................................................... 8
4. Soorten rechtsregels ........................................................................................................... 9
4.1. Gedragsnormen ........................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Sanctienormen............................................................................................................. 9
4.3. Bevoegdheidsverlenende normen ............................................................................... 9
5. Positiviteit, gelding en effectiviteit van recht .................................................................... 9
5.1 Positiviteit .................................................................................................................... 9
5.2. Gelding ........................................................................................................................ 9
5.3 Effectiviteit .................................................................................................................. 9
6. Twee betekenissen van ‘recht’ ......................................................................................... 10
6.1. Objectief recht ........................................................................................................... 10
6.2. Subjectief recht ......................................................................................................... 10
6.3. Subjectief recht en objectief recht............................................................................. 10
Hoofdstuk 2: Indelingen in het recht ....................................................................................... 12
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 12
2. Codificatie, wetboeken en wetten .................................................................................... 12
3. Rechtsgebieden ................................................................................................................ 12
4. Publiekrecht en privaatrecht ............................................................................................ 12
4.1. Publiekrecht .............................................................................................................. 13
4.2. Privaatrecht ............................................................................................................... 14
5. Andere onderscheidingen en indelingen van rechtsregels ............................................... 14
5.1. Dwingend en aanvullend recht.................................................................................. 15
5.2. Formeel en materieel recht........................................................................................ 15
5.3. Internationaal en nationaal recht ............................................................................... 15
Hoofdstuk 3: Rechtsbronnen.................................................................................................... 17
1. Criteria voor het herkennen van rechtsregels................................................................... 17
1.1. Soort regel ................................................................................................................. 17
1.2. Onderwerp van de regel ............................................................................................ 17
1.3. Herkomst van de regel .............................................................................................. 17
2. Formele rechtsbronnen..................................................................................................... 17
2.1 Wet ............................................................................................................................. 17
2
, 2.2. Jurisprudentie ............................................................................................................ 17
2.3. Ongeschreven recht ................................................................................................... 18
2.4. Verdragen .................................................................................................................. 19
2.5. Besluiten van internationale organisaties.................................................................. 20
2.6. Internationale jurisprudentie ..................................................................................... 20
3. Kenbronnen ...................................................................................................................... 20
Hoofdstuk 4; De organisatie van de staat: wetgevende en bestuurlijke organisatie ................ 22
1. Verdeling van de staatsmacht als organisatieprincipe ..................................................... 22
1.1. Trias politica ............................................................................................................. 22
1.2. Decentralisatie en deconcentratie ............................................................................. 22
2. Organisatie van de centrale overheid ............................................................................... 23
2.1. Koning en regering ................................................................................................... 23
2.2. Staten-Generaal ......................................................................................................... 24
2.3. Raad van State........................................................................................................... 26
3. Organisatie van de decentrale overheid ........................................................................... 26
3.1. Toezicht..................................................................................................................... 26
3.2. Provincies en gemeenten........................................................................................... 27
Hoofdstuk 5: De organisatie van de staat: rechtelijke organisatie ........................................... 30
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 30
2. De uitdrukking ‘rechtelijke macht’ .................................................................................. 30
3. De belangrijkste rechterlijke colleges .............................................................................. 30
4. De bevoegdheid van rechters: absolute en relatieve competentie ................................... 32
4.1. Absolute competentie in eerste aanleg ...................................................................... 32
4.2. Relatieve competentie in eerste aanleg ..................................................................... 32
5. Rechtsmiddelen ................................................................................................................ 33
5.1 Gewone rechtsmiddelen ............................................................................................. 33
5.2 Buitengewone rechtsmiddelen ................................................................................... 35
6. Het Openbaar Ministerie .................................................................................................. 36
6.1. Taken......................................................................................................................... 36
6.2 Organisatie van het Openbaar Ministerie .................................................................. 37
7. De procureur-generaal bij de Hoge Raad......................................................................... 37
8. Belangrijke uitgangspunten ............................................................................................. 38
Hoofdstuk 6 – Wetgeving ........................................................................................................ 42
1. Het dubbele wetsbegrip.................................................................................................... 42
1.1. Wet in formele zin .................................................................................................... 42
1.2. Wet in materiele zin .................................................................................................. 42
1.3 Soorten wetten in materiele zin en beslissingen in individuele gevallen................... 43
3
, 1.4 Belang van het onderscheid wet in formele en materiële zin .................................... 44
1.5 Verhouding formeel en materieel wetsbegrip ............................................................ 45
1.6 Beleidsregels (pseudowetgeving) .............................................................................. 45
2. Attributie en delegatie van wetgeving ............................................................................. 46
2.1. Het onderscheid tussen attributie en delegatie .......................................................... 46
2.2 Delegatieterminologie in de Grondwet ...................................................................... 47
3. Hiërarchie van wetten en voorrangsregels ....................................................................... 47
4. Beoordeling van wetten ................................................................................................... 48
4.1 Rechterlijke toetsing en toetsingsregels ..................................................................... 48
4.2 Toetsingsverboden ..................................................................................................... 48
4.3 Wel toetsing toegestaan ............................................................................................. 48
4.4 Repressief toezicht door de regering.......................................................................... 49
4.5 Samenloop van wetgeving ......................................................................................... 49
Hoofstuk 9: Privaatrecht; vermogensrecht............................................................................... 52
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 52
2. De onderdelen van het privaatrecht ................................................................................. 52
2.1 Personen- en familierecht .......................................................................................... 52
2.2 Vermogensrecht en vermogen ................................................................................... 53
3. Verdere onderscheidingen van vermogensrechten .......................................................... 53
3.1 Absolute en relatieve rechten ..................................................................................... 53
3.2 Volledige en beperkte rechten ................................................................................... 54
3.3 Rechten op zaken en rechten op goederen ................................................................. 55
4. Goederenrecht en verbintenissenrecht ............................................................................. 55
4.1 Goederenrecht ............................................................................................................ 55
4.2 Verbintenissenrecht.................................................................................................... 56
5. Rechtsfeiten...................................................................................................................... 56
5.1 Feiten en rechtsfeiten ................................................................................................. 56
5.2 Rechtsfeiten: categorieën ........................................................................................... 56
5.3 Handelingen met rechtsgevolg ................................................................................... 56
5.4 Rechtshandelingen: eenzijdig en meerzijdig ............................................................. 57
Hoofdstuk 10: De Overeenkomst............................................................................................. 58
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 58
2. Omschrijving van de overeenkomst................................................................................. 58
3. Indeling van overeenkomsten .......................................................................................... 58
3.1 Verbintenisscheppende overeenkomsten ................................................................... 58
3.2 Andere soorten overeenkomsten ................................................................................ 58
4. De totstandkoming van de overeenkomst ........................................................................ 59
4
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