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PSL 431 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
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PSL 431 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
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PSL 431 Exam 3 Questions and Answersconvective transport - Answer-movement of blood and all of its constituents throughout
the body
arteries - Answer-carry blood away from the heart
veins - Answer-carry blood to the heart
diffusive transport - Answer-movement of blood and molecules through the capillary
beds
parallel flow - Answer-allow independent regulation of blood flow to the organs of the
body
portal system - Answer-blood travels from one capillary bed to another capillary bed
hepatic portal - Answer-in spleen, small intestine, large intestine; drains blood into
hepatic portal vessel/vein to liver
hypophyseal portal - Answer-median eminence of the hypothalamus drains blood to
pituitary gland
kidney portal - Answer-the renal arteries branch into the loop of Kinley
pericardium - Answer-encases the heart in a fibrous sac
AV valves - Answer-one-way valves between the atrium and ventricle
semilunar valve - Answer-separates ventricles from downstream arteries, preventing
reflux of blood back into the heart chambers during diastole
coronary arteries - Answer-blood supply to the heart muscle from first branches of the
aortic arch
angina - Answer-cardiac chest pain
atherosclerosis - Answer-blockage of arteries caused by lipid plaques
embolus - Answer-dislodged blood clot
ischemia - Answer-inadequate blood supply to an organ or tissue, esp heart mm
myocardial infarction - Answer-local death of cardiac tissue due to sustained blockage
within one of the coronary arteries
, right artery dominant - Answer-posterior part of the heart is served by the right marginal
(coronary) artery
systole - Answer-active, contraction of heart, decreased blood flow to tissue
diastole - Answer-passive, relaxation of heart, increased blood flow to tissue
striated - Answer-due to regular arrangement of myosin thick filaments and actin thin
filaments
intercalated discs - Answer-adjacent cells in cardiac mm joined end to end
autorhythmic cells - Answer-initiate cardiac AP and conduct electrical activity
contractile cardiac myocytes - Answer-bundled and spiral around ventricles
atrial natriuretic peptide - Answer-hormone released by myocytes in atrium in response
to atrial wall stretch and enhances Na+ excretion by kidneys
desmosomes - Answer-promote structural integrity
gap junctions - Answer-provide electrical connectivity between cells
primary active transporter - Answer-use ATP hydrolysis to transport vs concentration
gradient
secondary active transporter - Answer-use pre-existing concentration gradient to drive
ion transport, no ATP hydrolysis
cardiac conduction system - Answer-specialized cardiac myocytes that accelerate and
direct wave of depolarization through the heart
autorhythmicity - Answer-capacity for spontaneous, rhythmic self-excitation
intrinsic rate - Answer-natural firing rate of SA node at 100 depol/min
leaky Kir channels - Answer-open in resting state, driving resting membrane potential
near -90 mV
rapid voltage gated Na+ channels - Answer-open with AP, triggering rapid membrane
depolarization
Kto channels - Answer-opening causes partial membrane repolarization
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