Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 35 Structure and Function of the Digestive System
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 35 Structure and Function of the Digestive System
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Digestion begins in the mouth with salivary -amylase (ptyalin) that initiates the digestion of:
a. proteins.
b. carbohydrates.
c. fats.
d. amino acids.
ANS: B
Salivary amylase initiates the digestion of carbohydrates. Protein digestion occurs in the
stomach and is influenced by pepsin. Fat digestion is aided by bile. Amino acids are not
involved in the digestive process.
REF: p. 886
2. When parasympathetic nervous system activity is inhibited what is the expected effect
on salivary glands?
a. Hyperactive function
b. Hypoactive function
c. Atrophy
d. Enlargement
ANS: B
Inhibition of the parasympathNeUticRnSeIrvNouGsTsyBs.teCmOwMould result in
decreased (hypoactive)
functions of the salivary glands. The individual would experience dry mouth. Inhibition of
the
parasympathetic nervous system would not result in hyperactivity, atrophy, or enlargement of
the salivary glands.
REF: p. 886
3. Which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva?
a. IgG
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgA
ANS: D
Normal saliva contains IgA.
Normal saliva does not contain IgG, IgD, or IgE.
REF: p. 886
4. Food is moved down the esophagus via what process?
a. Peristalsis
b. Retropulsion
c. Haustral segmentation
d. Defecation
, ANS: A
Swallowed food is moved from the esophagus to the stomach by peristalsis, not retropulsion.
Haustral segmentation occurs in the small intestine. Defecation is the process of eliminating
stool from the rectum.
REF: p. 886
5. Which cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid?
a. Chief
b. Parietal
c. Zymogenic
d. Surface epithelial
ANS: B
The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid. The chief cells secrete pepsinogen.
Zymogenic cells do not secrete acid. Epithelial cells line the GI tract and do not secrete
acid.
REF: p. 888
6. A young male student becomes very hungry during class. He begins thinking of a
cheeseburger and fries, his favorite meal. These thoughts will trigger which phase of gastric
secretion?
a. Cephalic
b. Gastric
c. Enteral
d. Intestinal
ANS:
A
The cephalic phase is stimulated by the thought, smell, and taste of food. The gastric phase is
stimulated by distention of the stomach. The enteral phase is not a phase of gastric secretion.
The intestinal phase is stimulated by histamine and digested protein.
REF: p. 888
7. Mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of:
a. somatostatin.
b. gastrin.
c. prostaglandins.
d. histamine.
ANS: C
Prostaglandins protect the mucosal barrier by stimulating the secretion of mucus and
bicarbonate and by inhibiting secretion of acid. Somatostatin is secreted by the pancreas and is
not involved in secretion of mucus. Gastrin is not involved in mucus secretion. Histamine
initiates secretion of acid, not mucus.
REF: p. 889
8. Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?
a. Haustral
b. Lower esophageal
c. Pyloric
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