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Chapter 08 Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 08 Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
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Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of DefenseMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?
Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
a. a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states.
b. a normal immune response to an infectious agent.
c. an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing
antigen.
d. antigenic desensitization.
ANS: C
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or
damage to the individual. It is not a reduced immune response or a response to an infectious
agent. Antigenic desensitization is performed to decrease hypersensitivity.
REF: p. 199
2. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by
the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?
a. Autoimmune
b. Anaphylaxis
c. Alloimmune
d. Allergic
ANS: C
Alloimmunity can be observed during immunologic reactions against transfusions,
transplanted tissue, or the fetus during pregnancy. Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the
immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity
reaction is anaphylaxis. An allergic response occurs related to exposure to an allergen.
REF: p. 199
3. A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an
initial exposure 48 hours ago. This condition is an example of:
a. anaphylaxis.
b. serum sickness.
c. delayed hypersensitivity.
d. viral disease.
ANS: C
The response to poison ivy is a delayed hypersensitivity because it takes up to 72 hours to
develop. Anaphylaxis is immediate. Serum sickness-type reactions are caused by the
formation of immune complexes in the blood and their subsequent generalized deposition in
target tissues. Poison ivy is not a viral disease.
REF: p. 201
, 4. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching
and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering
from:
a. immunodeficiency.
b. autoimmunity.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. tissue-specific hypersensitivity.
ANS: C
Anaphylaxis occurs within minutes of reexposure to the antigen and can be either systemic
(generalized) or cutaneous (localized). Immunodeficiency is a decrease in the immune
response. Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens.
Tissue-specific reaction is an autoimmune reaction.
REF: p. 201
5. When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the
nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
a. urticaria.
b. hives.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
ANS: C
The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity type I reaction is anaphylaxis.
Urticaria, or hives, is a dermal (skin) manifestation of allergic reactions. Hives and urticaria
are similar responses. ADCC is a mechanism that involves natural killer (NK) cells.
Antibodies on the target cell are recognized by Fc receptors on the NK cells, which release
toxic substances that destroyNthUeRtaSrgIetNcGelTl. B.COM
REF: p. 201
6. Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity
reactions? Type hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response.
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
ANS: D
Type IV reactions are mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve antibodies. All
the remaining options are associated with antibody responses.
REF: p. 206
7. A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that
he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons’ cages. Testing reveals he is
suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?
a. Serum sickness
b. Raynaud phenomenon
c. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
d. Arthus reaction
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