Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 03 Epigenetics and Disease
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 03 Epigenetics and Disease
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Chapter 03: Epigenetics and DiseaseMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as
strongly associated with the development of some cancers?
a. Family genetics
b. Lifestyle choices
c. Environmental stressors
d. Emotional coping skills
ANS: C
Environmental stressors can markedly increase the risk of aberrant epigenetic modification and are
strongly associated with some cancers. While genetics, lifestyle choices, and coping skills can affect the
development and management of cancer, they are not currently considered as being the primary factors
in the epigenetic modification that occurs.
REF: p. 62
2. Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body’s cells. What
characteristic is associated with these genes?
a. They lack encoding histones.
b. They are transcriptionally active.
c. Ribosomal RNA genes are absent.
d. Epigenetic silencing has occurred.
ANS:
B
A small percentage of genes, termed housekeeping genes, are necessary for the function and
maintenance of all cells. These genes escape epigenetic silencing and remain transcriptionally active in
all or nearly all cells. Housekeeping genes include encoding histones, DNA and
RNA polymerases, and ribosomal RNA genes.
, REF: p. 64
3. What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of Angelman syndrome?
a. It is inherited from the father.
b. Mental retardation is observable.
c. Imprinting of an abnormal chromosome 15.
d. Seizure disorder is present.
ANS: A
A well-known disease example of imprinting is associated with a deletion of about 4 million base (Mb)
pairs of the long arm of chromosome 15. When this deletion is inherited from the father, the child
manifests Prader-Willi syndrome, whose features include short stature, hypotonia, small hands and feet,
obesity, mild to moderate mental retardation, and hypogonadism. The same 4 Mb deletion, when
inherited from the mother, causes Angelman syndrome, which is characterized by severe mental
retardation, seizures, and an ataxic gait.
REF: p. 65
4. Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into
functional neurons when subjected to:
a. ethanol.
b. marijuana.
c. insufficient nutrients.
d. poor oxygenation.
ANS: A
It has been found that treating cultured neural stem cells with ethanol impairs their ability to
differentiate to functional neurons; this impairment seems to be correlated with aberrant, dense
methylation at loci that are active in normal neuronal tissue. The research does not support the effects
of marijuana, insufficient nutrition, or poor oxygenation on the stem cell’s ability to differentiate
appropriately.
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