Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 05 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 05 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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Chapter 05: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and BasesMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
c. Interstitial fluid
d. Intravascular fluid
ANS: D
Blood plasma is the intravascular fluid. ICF is fluid in the cells. ECF is all the fluid
outside the cells. Interstitial fluid is fluid between the cells and outside the blood vessels.
REF: p. 114
2. A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is considered the
total volume of body water?
a. 5 L
b. 10 L
c. 28 L
d. 42 L
ANS: D
The total volume of body waNteUr fRoSr aI7N0G-kTgBpe.rsCoOn Mis about 42 L or
two thirds of 70 kg.
REF: p. 114
3. While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have:
a. a higher total body water volume.
b. decreased muscle mass.
c. increased thirst.
d. an increased tendency toward developing edema.
ANS: B
The elderly are at higher risk for dehydration due to a decrease in muscle mass. The elderly
have a decrease in total body water and thirst. The increased tendency to develop edema is not
related to dehydration.
REF: p. 131, Geriatric Considerations
4. Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure in
the capillaries? A patient with:
a. a high-protein diet.
b. liver failure.
c. low blood pressure.
d. low blood glucose.
, ANS: B
Liver failure leads to lost or diminished plasma albumin production, and this contributes to
decreased plasma oncotic pressure. A high-protein diet would provide albumin for the
maintenance of oncotic pressure. Low blood pressure would lead to decreased hydrostatic
pressure. Decreased glucose does not affect oncotic pressure.
REF: p. 116
5. Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
a. osmotic forces.
b. plasma oncotic pressure.
c. antidiuretic hormone.
d. buffer systems.
ANS: A
Osmotic forces determine water movement between the ECF and ICF compartments.
Oncotic pressure pulls water at the end of the capillary, which makes it move between intra
and extra as interstitial is considered extra. The antidiuretic hormone regulates water
balance,which would make water move between the intra- and extracellular spaces. Buffer
systems help regulate acid balance.
REF: p. 115
6. An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.
Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
a.Increased capillary oncotic pressure.
b.Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
c.Decreased capillary hydrNosUtaRticSpIreNsGsuTreB. .COM
d.Increased interstitial oncotic pressure.
ANS: D
Increased interstitial oncotic pressure would attract water from the capillary into the
interstitial space. Increased capillary oncotic pressure would attract water from the interstitial
space back into the capillary. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure would attract
movement of water from the interstitial spaces into the capillary. Decreased capillary
hydrostatic pressure would move water into the capillaries.
REF: p. 115
7. When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of water
balance is closely related to the balance of:
a. potassium.
b. chloride.
c. bicarbonate.
d. sodium.
ANS: D
Because water follows the osmotic gradients established by changes in salt
concentration, water balance is tied to sodium balance, not that of potassium, chloride, or
bicarbonate.
REF: pp. 116-117 | p. 118, Figure 5-5
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