Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 20 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 20 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
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Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. While checking lab results, the nurse remembers that the normal leukocyte count is:
a. 1000-2000 per cubic millimeter.
b. 5000-10,000 per cubic millimeter.
c. 4.2-6.2 million per cubic millimeter.
d. 1.2-2.2 million per cubic millimeter.
ANS: B
5000-10,000 per cubic millimeter is the normal leukocyte count. 1000-2000 per cubic
millimeter is an abnormally low leukocyte count. 4.2-6.2 million per cubic millimeter is the
normal erythrocyte count. 1.2-2.2 million per cubic millimeterwould indicate anemia.
REF: p. 492
2. While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls that the most abundant cells in the blood are:
a. leukocytes.
b. lymphocytes.
c. erythrocytes.
d. thrombocytes.
ANS: C
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are the most abundant cells of the blood, occupying
approximately 48% of the bloNoUd.RSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 491
3. An adult patient’s blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal
sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage?
a. Neutrophil
b. Eosinophil
c. Basophil
d. Lymphocyte
ANS: A
Neutrophils constitute about 40-60% of the total leukocyte count in adults. The
eosinophils, which have large, coarse granules, constitute only 1-4% of the normal
leukocyte count in adults. Basophils make up less than 1% of the leukocytes. Lymphocytes
constitute approximately 36% of the total leukocyte count.
REF: p. 492
4. A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm,
and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most similar?
a. Monocyte
b. Macrophage
c. Lymphocyte
, d. Eosinophil
ANS: D
Eosinophils, which have large, coarse granules, are capable of ameboid movement
and phagocytosis. Monocytes help fight infection. Macrophages are mature
monocytes. Lymphocytes are the primary cells of the immune response.
REF: p. 493
5. The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
a. eosinophil.
b. lymphocyte.
c. macrophage.
d. neutrophil.
ANS: D
Neutrophils are the chief phagocytes of early inflammation. Eosinophils ingest
antigen-antibody complexes and are induced by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to
attack parasites. Most lymphocytes transiently circulate in the blood and eventually reside in
lymphoid tissues as mature T cells, B cells, or plasma cells. Macrophages migrate out of the
vessels in response to infection or inflammation but are not the early responders.
REF: p. 492
6. Which type of white blood cell contains preformed granules of vasoactive amines?
a. Neutrophil
b. Eosinophil
c. Monocyte
d. Basophil
ANS: D
Basophils have cytoplasmic granules that contain vasoactive amines (e.g., histamine) and an
anticoagulant (heparin). Their function is similar to tissue mast cells. Neutrophils are the chief
phagocytes of early inflammation. Eosinophils ingest antigen-antibody complexes and are
induced by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to attack parasites. Monocytes do not
have amines, and their job is to help fight infection.
REF: p. 493
7. Monocytes are blood cells that mature (differentiate) into:
a. macrophages.
b. neutrophils.
c. eosinophils.
d. mast cells.
ANS: A
Monocytes mature into macrophages, not neutrophils, eosinophils, or mast cells.
REF: p. 493
8. In addition to playing a role in hemostasis, platelets have the ability to:
a. stimulate bone marrow production of erythrocytes.
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