Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 29 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 29 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic SystemsMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:
a. medulla.
b. cortex.
c. pyramids.
d. columns.
ANS: B
The outer layer of the kidney is called the cortex and it contains all of the glomeruli, most of
the proximal tubules, and some segments of the distal tubule. The glomeruli are not located in
the kidney’s medulla, the pyramids, or the columns.
REF: p. 730
2. When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should the nurse use?
a. Calyx
b. Nephron
c. Collecting duct
d. Pyramid
ANS: B
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. The nephron does not serve the same
function as the calyx, the colNleUctiRnSg IduNctG, oTrBth.eCpOyrMamid.
REF: p. 730
3. Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?
a. Juxtamedullary
b. Midcortical
c. Cortical
d. Medullary
ANS: A
The juxtamedullary nephrons lie close to and extend deep into the medulla and are important
for the concentration of urine. Concentration of urine is not associated with midcortical,
cortical, or medullary nephrons.
REF: p. 732
4. What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?
a. Podocytes
b. Macula densa cells
c. Mesangial cells
d. Filtration slits
ANS: C
, Mesangial cells lie between and support the capillaries. Mesangial cells have phagocytic
ability similar to monocytes, release inflammatory cytokines, and can contract to regulate
glomerular capillary blood flow. The epithelium has specialized cells called podocytes from
which pedicles (foot projections) radiate and adhere to the basement membrane. The macula
densa are sodium-sensing cells. The pedicles interlock with the pedicles of adjacent
podocytes, forming an elaborate network of intercellular clefts called filtration slits, or slit
membranes.
REF: p. 732
5. When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule together, it is referred to
as the renal:
a. corpuscle.
b. capsule.
c. medulla.
d. pyramid.
ANS: A
Together, the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule are called the renal corpuscle. The
combination of these structures is not identified as the capsule, the medulla, or the
pyramid.
REF: p. 732
6. When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the
urine because:
a. all filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed.
b. the texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with
reabsorption. NURSINGTB.C O
M
c. filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination.
d. the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the
plasma proteins.
ANS: D
Like other capillary membranes, the glomerulus is freely permeable to water and relatively
impermeable to large colloids, such as plasma proteins. The molecule’s size and electrical
charge affect the permeability of substances crossing the glomerulus. Protein filtration is not
as dependent on size, texture, or on degradation.
REF: p. 732
7. When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term
should the nurse use?
a. Podocytes
b. Macula densa
c. Mesangial cells
d. Loop of Henle
ANS: B
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