Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry- Chapter 6 Key Terms Exam Questions Answered Correctly (Already Passed)
enzyme - Answers A biomolecule, either protein or RNA, that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction. It does not affect the equilibrium of the catalyzed reaction; it enhances the rate of the...
enzyme - Answers A biomolecule, either protein or RNA, that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction. It
does not affect the equilibrium of the catalyzed reaction; it enhances the rate of the reaction by
providing a reaction path with a lower activation energy.
cofactor - Answers An inorganic ion or a coenzyme required for enzyme activity.
coenzyme - Answers An organic cofactor required for the action of certain enzymes; often has a vitamin
component.
prosthetic group - Answers A metal ion or organic compound (other than an amino acid) covalently
bound to a protein and essential in its activity.
holoenzyme - Answers A catalytically active enzyme, including all necessary subunits, prosthetic groups,
and cofactors.
apoenzyme - Answers The protein portion of an enzyme, exclusive of any organic or inorganic cofactors
or prosthetic groups that might be required for catalytic activity.
apoprotein - Answers The protein portion of a protein, exclusive of any organic or inorganic cofactors or
prosthetic groups that might be required for activity.
active site - Answers The region of an enzyme surface that binds the substrate molecule and catalytically
transforms it; also known as the catalytic site.
substrate - Answers The specific compound acted upon by an enzyme.
ground state - Answers The normal, stable form of an atom or molecule, as distinct from the excited
state.
transition state - Answers An activated form of a molecule in which the molecule has undergone a
partial chemical reaction; the highest point on the reaction coordinate.
activation energy (ΔG‡) - Answers The amount of energy (in joules) required to convert all the molecules
in 1 mol of a reacting substance from the ground state to the transition state.
reaction intermediate - Answers Any chemical species in a reaction pathway that has a finite chemical
lifetime.
rate-limiting step - Answers (1) Generally, the step in an enzymatic reaction with the greatest activation
energy or with the transition state of highest free energy. (2) The slowest step in a metabolic pathway.
equilibrium constant (Kₑ) - Answers A constant, characteristic for each chemical reaction, that relates the
specific concentrations of all reactants and products at equilibrium at a given temperature and pressure.
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