HIST101 Final Exam / HIST 101 Final Exam American Public University
You are required to answer only one question in each section. Be sure to include as much information as possible to support your answer. Each answer should be at least three paragraphs long (approx. 600-800 words) with a thesis, ma...
HIST101 Final Exam
4.How did the Great War for Empire change the relationship between England and its American colonies?
The Great War for Empire, also known as The French and Indian War or Seven Years’ War, took place from 1756-1763. Political, economical and ideological relations between Britain and American colonies were altered by the war, because of unfair taxation of the colonists. “A surge in trade boosted colonial consumption and placed Americans deeply in debt to British creditors” (Henretta & Brody, 2010 p. 115). Since England was left in such deep debt they began to strictly regulate trade and impose taxes on commonly used items. Although Britain attributed these changes to their virtual increase in territory, the colonists were infuriated. They felt this was unjust taxation. Other political changes included Britain's abandonment of their salutary neglect policy. The relationship between the colonists and England broke down due to the sudden taxation and all of the regulation that took place. Before the war, Americans shipped their materials to Britain, but with the new taxation the mercantilism was abandoned when the colonists decided to fight back. All the taxation and regulation added to the resentment colonists already felt prior to the Proclamation of 1763. Also, the French and Indian War, helped American soldiers realize they had less liberty than Englishmen The Proclamation of 1763 forbade white colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. Even though Britain thought this would prevent further conflict, it in turn angered the colonists more because they felt as if there were being deprived of their own right to be free, so they ignored the Proclamation. This was one of the first times that there was a major disagreement about what was best for the colonies, between the colonists and the British government and the relationship between the two would never be the same.
When Parliament established the Proclamation of 1763 it made them have a strong resentment, because they perceived it as all of their prize and investments were taken away from them. The colonist’s felt that the object of the Proclamation was to pen them in along the Atlantic seaboard where they would be easier to regulate. The Proclamation in essence forbade colonists from settling or buying land west of the Appalachians and it made the colonies outraged because may of them had already acquired land in that area. Reference:
Henretta, J. & Brody, D. (2010) America: A Concise History, Volume I: To 1877. 4th ed., Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. 4.Why was the Constitution a controversial document even as it was being written? The Constitution has and always will bee a controversial document. The Anti-
federalists was the name given to the individuals who opposed the ratification of the Constitution. According to Mount (2012), the Anti-Federalists are today’s Democrats and
the Federalists are today’s Republicans. Some of the individuals that were considered part of the anti-federalists group were Patrick Henry, John Hancock and George Mason. The anti-federalists opposed the Constitution because they believed that it would support a strong national currency and protect property rights. It was also argued that the
Constitutional did not protect individual rights and they worried that a tyrannical government would destroy the states (Henretta & Brody, 2010). One of the main issues that the anti-federalists brought up was the fear of the vote of representation as they might not know, know of, or believe the same beliefs as the representative for presidency.
They felt that someone they felt was a stranger to them would rule them. Many people backed these concerns from rural and agricultural areas, debtors and other individuals who opposed a strong central government. They also believed that one man spending all his time in office and resembling a King would start to use every means that they could in
order to stay in office.
The Articles of Confederation failed because, during this time many things happened in the U.S. and the government has significant flaws that were exposed. It has also been said that the articles were not strong enough. There were many weakness of the
Articles such as; laws required a 9/13 majority to pass in congress, there was no national court system, there was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by congress, congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, each state only had one vote in congress regardless of its size, congress did not have the power to tax and any amendments to the articles required a unanimous vote. “The need for the Constitution grew out of problems with the Articles of Confederation, which established a firm league of friendship between the states, and bested most power in Congress of the Confederation” (White House, 2013).
Before the Constitution was to become the law of the land it was first to be scrutinized and withstand public debate. On September 28, 1787, congress directed the state legislatures to call ratification conventions in each state, because Article VII stipulated that nine states had to ratify the Constitution for it to go into effect. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was held with the goal of revising the Articles of Confederation in mind. The first order of business at the convention was electing George Washington as president of the convention and establishing the rules. After that a plan for new structure of government, known as the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan, had been presented. With these two plans presented the delegates worked out a series of compromises between the two. From this new powers were granted to Congress to regulate the
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