Exam (elaborations)
Biology 151 Exam 3 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- BIOL 151
- Institution
- University Of Wisconsin - Madison
Biology 151 Exam 3 Questions answers latest update
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Biology 151 Exam 3Where is the 5' cap added/ what is it? - to the beginning of the RNA transcript
The cap is a modified guanine (G) nucleotide, and it protects the transcript from
being broken down. It also helps the ribosome attach to the mRNA and start
reading it to make a protein.
What does alternative splicing lead to? - to the production of different mature
mRNA molecules from the same initial transcript
What is the importance of a 3' poly a tail? - The tail makes the transcript more
stable and helps it get exported from the nucleus to the cytosol.
What does a spliceosome do? - In RNA splicing, specific parts of the pre-mRNA,
called introns are recognized and removed by this protein-and-RNA complex
Do introns encode a protein? - No, A key point here is that it's only the exons of a
gene that encode a protein. Not only do the introns not carry information to build
a protein, they actually have to be removed in order for the mRNA to encode a
protein with the right sequence. If the spliceosome fails to remove an intron, an
mRNA with extra "junk" in it will be made, and a wrong protein will get produced
during translation. If an RNA hasn't been spliced, it will contain extra nucleotides
that it shouldn't, leading to an incorrect protein "message."
, Which statement accurately summarizes a difference between ribonucleotides
and deoxyribonucleotides? - Ribonucleotides has a hydroxyl group bonded to
their 2' carbon; deoxyribonucleotides have an H at the same location.
When base pairing occurs in DNA, what types of bonds hold the bases together? -
hydrogen bonds
During transcription, in what direction is (1) RNA synthesized and (2) the DNA
template read? - (1) 5`->3`; (2) 3`->5`
A promoter is - a sequence in DNA to which RNA polymerase binds near the start
site for transcription
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called - transcription
Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter
DNA? - initiation of a new RNA molecule
Why does a RNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction? - because RNA
polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA molecule
Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes? - concurrent
transcription and translation
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