Exam (elaborations)
Biology 151 - EXAM 1 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- BIOL 151
- Institution
- University Of Wisconsin - Madison
Biology 151 - EXAM 1 Questions answers latest update
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Biology 151 - EXAM 1Characteristics of life -1. Order
2. Evolutionary adaptation
3. Regulation
4. Energy processing
5. Growth and development
6. Response to the environment
7. Reproduction
Order -This close-up of a sunflower illustrates the highly ordered structure that
characterizes life.
Evolutionary adaptation: -The overall appearance of this pygmy sea horse
camouflages the animal in its environment. Such adaptations evolve over
countless generations by the reproductive success of those individuals with
heritable traits that are best suited to their environments.
Regulation -The regulation of blood flow through the blood vessels of this
jackrabbit's ears helps maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat
exchange with the surrounding air.
,Energy processing -This butterfly obtains fuel in the form of nectar from flowers.
The butterfly will use chemical energy stored in its food to power flight and other
work.
Growth and development -Inherited information carried by genes controls the
pattern of growth and development of organisms, such as this oak seedling.
Response to the environment -The Venus flytrap on the left closed its trap rapidly
in response to the environmental stimulus of a grasshopper landing on the open
trap.
Reproduction -- Organisms (living things) reproduce their own kind.
- Life comes from life; sexual or asexual.
Metabolism -• All biochemical processes that involve acquisition, transformation,
storage, and utilization of energy & nutrients for survival & reproduction.
• The totality of an organisms' chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and
anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the
organism.
Examples of metabolism are: -• The entire digestive process is an example of
metabolism.
• Catabolic pathway: A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down
complex molecules to simpler molecules.
, • Anabolic pathway: A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a
complex molecule from simpler molecules.
• Bioenergetic: The overall flow and transformation of energy in an organism.
Homeostasis -• The steady state physiological condition of the body.
• To maintain an internal environment within tolerable limits.
Homeostasis example -A jackrabbit cooling through its ears.
Adaptation -• Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival
and reproduction in a specific environment.
• Survival of the species within the environment they exist; flexibility to changing
environments.
Adaptation examples -1. Population with varied inherited traits.
2. Elimination of individuals with certain traits.
3. Reproduction of survivors
4. Increased frequency of traits that enhance survival.
Evolution -• Descent with modification; the idea that living species are
descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present day ones;
also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a
population from generation to generation.
• Change over time; descent with modification.
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