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BIOL 4100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

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BIOL 4100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE vast majority of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are _______ cis double bonds in fatty acids create _______ kinks in glycerophospholipids ________ replaces one of the fatty chains phophoester phos...

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  • December 3, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIOL 4100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE


vast majority of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are _______

cis

double bonds in fatty acids create _______

kinks

in glycerophospholipids ________ replaces one of the fatty chains

phophoester

phosphate group has what charge?

negatively

groups could be positive example:

ethenolamine, choline

zwitterionic groups example:

serine

slightly polar group example:

cyclic sugar inositol

How does cholesterol affect fluidity at lower temperatures?

Reduces interactions between fatty acids, leading to INCREASED FLUIDITY

How does cholesterol affect rigidity at higher temperatures?

INCREASES RIGIDITY by promoting interactions between hydrocarbon rings and fatty

acid tails

,structure of cholesterol

four hydrophobic hydrocarbon rings and a polar hydroxyl (OH) group

T/F cholesterol is amphipathic

true

is cholesterol found in plant cells?

no, only animal cels

The __________ are derivatives of cholesterol; they act as ____________

steroid hormones; chemical messengers (adrenal glands)

examples of steroid hormones

estrogens and testosterone

list the 5 major phospholipids

phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol,

phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin

which phospholipids are located on the outer leaflet?

phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin

which phospholipids are located on the inner leaflet?

phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol

where are glycolipids located?

outer leaflet with carbohydrate portions exposed on the cell surface

Glycocalyx

(Cell coat) carbohydrate rich layer forming the outer coat of a eukaryotic cell. it is

formed by the Glycoproteins are predominantly cell surface proteins

what does glycocalyx do?

, 1. Protects cells against mechanical and chemical damage

2. Barrier for microorganisms

3. Involved in cell-cell interactions

N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)

The O-glycosidic linkage is to the hydroxyl of serine (Ser, S), threonine (Thr, T)

N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)

The N-glycosidiclinkage is through the amide group of asparagine (Asn, N)

where are carbohydrate groups added?

in the ER and Golgi

Glycoproteins are predominantly what type of proteins?

cell surface

glycocalyx aka

pericellular matrix

where is glycocalyx found mainly?

epithelial cells

integral membrane proteins

- inserted into bilayer

- can only be released with detergents

- detergents disrupt hydrophobic interactions!!

- see photo for types

peripheral membrane proteins

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