Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 325 Exam 1 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- BIOL325
- Institution
- University Of Richmond
BIOL 325 Exam 1 Questions answers latest update
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BIOL 325 Exam 1Koch's Postulates
Series of criteria used to definitively determine the (microbial) causative agent of
a disease
Steps of Koch's Postulates
1. Isolate
the microorganism from tissue of diseased individual
2. Grow in pure culture
3. Inoculate healthy individual with cultured organism to try to establish disease
4. Re-isolate same microorganism from the experimentally inoculated individual
Issues with Koch's Postulates
1. Microorganisms can be found in healthy individuals
2. Not all microorganisms can be cultured
3. Healthy individuals may not get sick or may be asymptomatic
Germ Theory of Disease
Microorganisms ("germs") can cause disease
How have Koch's postulates been modified?
- Utilizing molecular biology techniques (genetics) to identify causative agent
- Vaccination or therapeutic treatment can be used to confirm causative agent
Different types of microorganisms
Parasites, Commensal, Mutualist/Symbiont
Parasites
Organism that harms the host with no benefit (adverse effect)
, Commensal
Organism that neither harms nor helps, lives alongside host (neutral effect)
Mutualist/Symbiont
Lives alongside host and benefits host (positive effect), provides a service, but can
also cause disease
Pathogens
Disease-causing agents; parasites
Eukaryotic pathogens
Protists, Helminths, Fungi
Protists
Single-celled, amoeba, protozoa
Helminths
Worms; multicellular
Prokaryotic pathogens
Bacteria; not Archae
Different perspectives/Models of disease
1. Pathogen-centered perspective
2. Opportunism
3. Symbiosis Vs. Parasitism
Pathogen-centered perspective
Microbes/bacteria specifically evolved to infect humans and make life miserable
("They're out to get us" perspective)
Opportunism
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