Exam (elaborations)
Chem 464 Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- CHEM 464
- Institution
- California State University - Northridge
Chem 464 Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions answers latest update
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Chem 464 Biochemistry Exam 2mRNA - messenger RNA
encodes a protein
rRNA - ribosomal RNA
contained in ribosome
Catalyzes joining of amino acids in the ribosome
tRNA - transfer RNA
binds mRNA to amino acids
APE
adapter between mRNA and amino acids
terminal CCA and anticodon loop
endonuclease - an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester
bonds between two nucleotide residues within a polynucleotide strand
phosphodiesterase
cuts DNA
recognizes palindromic DNA
generates sticky ends
,binds restriction site repressor
Exonuclease - an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic excision of a nucleotide
residue from one end of a polynucleotide strand
digests RNA
cleaves from ends
3'->5' exonuclease allows Pol I to edit it's mistakes
5'->3' exonuclease digests RNA primers on the lagging strand
Nucleotide uses - energy storage
synthesis
signalling
store information
catalyze reactions
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate - fuel
G favors to go to ADP
transfer of phosphoryl group is exergonic
cAMP - signaling molecule that activates c dependent kinase
ADP - leaving group in the formation of O-glycosidic bond
,Phosphodiester bond - bond between nucleic acids. covalent bond between a
phosphate and two pentoses over two ester bonds
5' -> 3' synthesis
add new nucleic acid to 3' end
make bond at 3' end
Phosphates - acidic
Chargaff's rules - [A] = [T]
[G] = [C]
keto tautomer is more stable
helical structure
Watson and Crick - right handed helix
anti-parallel
basses = inside
phosphates and sugars = outside (backbone)
RNA - single stranded
can associate with itself to form secondary structure
can fold into tertiary structure and have catalytic activity
, self anneal A type
Central Dogma - DNA --> transcription -> mRNA --> translation -> protein
Chain termination - spike DNA reaction with 2'-3'-deoxynecleoside triphosphate
deoxynucleoside blocks the 3' OH
with no 3' OH no more nucleic acids can be added
Genetic information - stored and stable
decoded
assessable
replicated
Nucleotide - phosphate + sugar + base
A-DNA - right handed
3' endo - puckerd up (short and squatty)
anti
B-DNA - right handed
2' endo - puckered out
anti
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