Exam (elaborations)
Psych 160 Claire Lyons Questions answers latest update
- Course
- PSYCH 160
- Institution
- James Madison University
Psych 160 Claire Lyons Questions answers latest update
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Psych 160 Claire Lyonslifespan human development (psychological growth) - - prenatal (conception-
>birth)
- Infancy (birth->2 yrs)
- Early Childhood (2->6 yrs)
- Middle Childhood (7->12yrs)
- Adolescence (puberty->18 yrs)
- Emerging Adulthood (18->30yrs)
- Middle Adulthood (30->65 yrs)
- Late Adulthood (65->death)
Biophysical - How our biological and physical development influences our
psychological development.
Cognitive - How our thinking develops, how we make sense of the world and how
that influences our development
socioemotional - how emotions and relationships develop and how they affect
our development
Stage approach - believe that development occurs stage by stage (going from
crawling to walking)
,Continuous approach - Believes that change happens through accumulation of
lots of small changes
Theoretical approach - explanation of Human development
Cognitive definition - focuses on how thinking develops. Cognitive theorists look
at how thinking changes and develops throughout the lifespan and how those
changes affect our interaction with the world around us.
Behavioral definition - focus on how behavior is shaped or conditioned. The
behaviorists approach to developmental psychology would ask what are the
associations that lead to a particular behavior? What are the reinforcers in the
environment that lead to a behavior?
Social cognitive - learning from observing others. Bandura argues that personal,
cognitive, and environmental factors interact to influence human behavior.
Humanistic - Focuses on what is good in all of us. Humanist believe that we all
have potential to grow and develop in positive ways.
psychoanalytic - focus on needs, but believe that many of the needs we have are
unconscious. ( sexual desire )
,Biophysical - Look at how our development is shaped by our biology. The study of
the brain and behavior is very important,l as well as examination of how our
evolutionary past impacts our current development.
Classical conditioning - our responses to the world can be learned
operant conditioning - Over time, the situation presented on its own will lead to
the behavior. In operant conditioning, a situation triggers a behavior which is
followed by a consequence. if the consequence is a punishment, it will not.
brofenbrenners ecological model - - Microsystem:relationships, family (1 to 1
relationship)
-Mesosystem: interaction of microsystems, brother w ur mom
-exosystem: institutions that affect you, but you're not directly a part of, (school
rules, your parents jobs)
-macrosystem: the broader political and culture systems, (religion)
-chronosystem: things that have happened to you in the course of your lifetime
(personal and societal change)
Is development plastic? - Yes, development is plastic. It is not set or rigid, it is
flexible because people change.
Social construct - based on shared ideas
, ethnicity and race - social construct-the meaning of race and ethnicity are open to
interpretation
why do people study development - to try and make predictions about
development through experiments, correlational studies, surveys, and
observations.
correlation and causation? - correlation does not imply causation of behavior.
cross sectional studies - studies compare people of different ages
longitudinal - follows a group of people over time
cross sectional - compares groups of people of different ages and also follows
these people over time
psychological research - guided by ethical principles
correlation - establishes cause and effect
research problems? - lack of diversity-because we don't know where the
information comes from and don't know the accuracy
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