Cognitive approach perspective - How thinking develops and how the way that we
think affects our behavior
Cognitive approach theorists - Piaget and Vygotsky
Behavioral Perspective - How responses to behavior increase the frequency of
behavior
AND
how behavior becomes associated with cues in the environment
Behavioral key theorists - Pavlov and Skinner
Social cognitive theory perspective - how our personal experiences and our
environment shape our interpretations of the world around us AND how these
interpretations influence our behavior
Social cognitive theory key theorists - Bandura
Humanistic perspective - how our desire to meet our needs and fulfill our
potential drives our behavior
,Humanistic perspective key theorists - Rogers and Maslow
Psychoanalytic perspective - How our development is driven by the interaction
between our unconscious desires and our environment
Psychoanalytic perspective key theorists - Freud and Erikson
Biopsychological perspective - How physiological, genetic, neurological, and
evolutionary factors interact with our environment
Microsystem - Those relationships the person actively takes a part in I.E one to
one relationships
Mesosystem - An interaction of microsystems
I.E Parents with teacher
Exosystem - Institutions in which the person is not an active participant I.E
Schools, churches
Macrosystem - Broader political and cultural system in which one develops I.E
your economic standing, government reform
Chronosystem - Historical time period in which a person grows up
, I.E growing up in the 50's compared to now
Cross sectional study - Compares different groups of people of different ages
Longitudinal study - Tracks changes in a group of people over time
Cross-sequential study - Compares different groups of different ages over time
Germinal stage of prenatal development - covers first 14 days. single cell zygotes
are duplicated
Embryonic stage of prenatal development - covers days 14-56. Embryo begins to
take on a more recognizable shape and organs begin to develop
Fetal stage of prenatal development - covers 56 days to birth. the sex organs,
cardiovascular, digestive, and excretory systems develop
Teratogens - alcohol, nicotine, illicit drugs, and some viruses
stage 1 of birth - Contractions begin
stage 2 of birth - mother begins to push with contractions- baby comes out
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