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samenvatting van het strafrecht
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1 INHOUDSOPGAVEDEEL 1: STRAFRECHT .................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 juridische situering .................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 begrip ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 publiekrecht .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1.3 materieel en formeel .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1.4 nationaal en internationaal ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.5 algemeen en bijzonder ............................................................................................................................... 6
2 FUNCTIES EN ACHTERGRONDEN ......................................................................................................... 7
2.1 wortels ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 wraakrecht naar publiek strafrecht ............................................................................................. 8
2.3 Van en voor de vorst .................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Daad en schuld ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Dader en gevaar .......................................................................................................................10
2.6 Dader met een menselijk gelaat ................................................................................................11
2.7 Postmodem .............................................................................................................................11
DEEL 2: STRAFWET ...................................................................................................................... 13
1 LEGALITETISBEGINSEL.................................................................................................................... 13
1.1 begripsomschrijving .................................................................................................................13
1.2 wet ..........................................................................................................................................13
1.3 legaliteitscontrole ....................................................................................................................14
2 TOEPASSING VAN STRAFWET IN DE TIJD ............................................................................................... 14
2.1 ten tijde van gedraging ..............................................................................................................14
2.2 conflicten in de tijd ...................................................................................................................15
3 TOEPASSING VAN STRAFWET IN DE RUIMTE .......................................................................................... 16
3.1 rechtsmacht ............................................................................................................................16
3.2 territorialiteit als regel ...............................................................................................................16
3.3 lokalisatie van het misdrijf ........................................................................................................16
3.4 extraterritorialiteit als uitzondering ............................................................................................17
4 INTERPRETATIE VAN STRAFWET ......................................................................................................... 17
4.1 kwalificeren en interpreteren ....................................................................................................17
4.2 niet interpreteren of strikt interpreteren .....................................................................................17
4.3 nooit naar analogie in het nadeel van de vervolgde persoon ........................................................18
DEEL 3: MISDRIJF ......................................................................................................................... 19
1 BESTANDDELEN VAN HET MISDRIJF .................................................................................................... 19
1.1 begrippen ................................................................................................................................19
1.2 constitutieve bestanddelen ......................................................................................................19
1.2.1 materieel bestanddelen ............................................................................................................................19
1.2.2 morele bestanddelen ................................................................................................................................20
1.3 verzwarende bestanddelen .......................................................................................................23
2 STRAFBARE POGING ...................................................................................................................... 23
2.1 begrip ......................................................................................................................................23
2.2 voorwaarden ............................................................................................................................24
2.3 vrijwillige terugtred ...................................................................................................................24
2.4 bestraffing ...............................................................................................................................24
2.5 crimineel aanbod .....................................................................................................................25
3 RECHTVAARDIGINGSGRONDEN ........................................................................................................ 26
3.1 begrip ......................................................................................................................................26
3.2 gebod of toelating bij de wet......................................................................................................26
3.3 bevel van de overheid ...............................................................................................................27
Casus: straftoemeting doen 1
,3.4 noodtoestand ..........................................................................................................................27
3.5 wettige verdediging...................................................................................................................28
3.6 wettig verzet.............................................................................................................................29
DEEL 4: DADER ............................................................................................................................ 29
1 STRAFRECHTELIJKE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID ...................................................................................... 29
1.1 individuele verantwoordelijkheid ...............................................................................................29
1.2 daderschap .............................................................................................................................30
1.3 rechtspersoon .........................................................................................................................31
2 STRAFBARE DEELNEMING................................................................................................................ 33
2.1 begrippen ................................................................................................................................33
2.2 voorwaarden ............................................................................................................................34
2.3 bestraffing ...............................................................................................................................34
3 VERZWARENDE BESTANDDELEN EN VERZWARENDE FACTOREN ................................................................. 35
3.1 objectieve verzwarende bestanddelen en factoren.....................................................................35
3.2 subjectieve verzwarende bestanddelen en factoren ...................................................................35
3.3 doorwerking .............................................................................................................................35
4 SCHULD ..................................................................................................................................... 36
4.1 schuld .....................................................................................................................................36
4.2 schuldontheffingsgronden ........................................................................................................36
4.2.1 onweerstaanbare dwang ...........................................................................................................................37
4.2.2 onoverkomelijke dwaling ...........................................................................................................................37
4.3 niet-toerekingsvatbaarheid .......................................................................................................38
4.3.1 geestesstoornis ........................................................................................................................................38
4.3.2 minderjarigheid .........................................................................................................................................39
DEEL 5: STRAF ............................................................................................................................. 40
5 BEGRIP ...................................................................................................................................... 41
6 STRAFFEN .................................................................................................................................. 41
6.1 Natuurlijk persoon ....................................................................................................................41
6.1.1 Misdrijf en straf .........................................................................................................................................42
6.2 Rechtspersonen.......................................................................................................................45
6.2.1 Hoofstraffen .............................................................................................................................................45
6.2.2 Bijkomende straffen ..................................................................................................................................46
6.3 Vrijheidsbenemend ..................................................................................................................47
6.3.1 Gevangenisstraf ........................................................................................................................................47
6.3.2 Behandeling onder vrijheidsberoving (nieuwe categorie) .............................................................................47
6.4 Vrijheidsbeperkend ..................................................................................................................49
6.4.1 Straf onder ET ...........................................................................................................................................49
6.4.2 Probatiestraf .............................................................................................................................................51
6.4.3 Werkstraf ..................................................................................................................................................52
6.4.4 Verlengde opvolging ..................................................................................................................................53
6.4.5 TBS = terbeschikkingstelling van strafuitvoeringsrechtbank (oude regel) ......................................................55
6.4.6 Ontzetting uit bepaalde burgerlijke en politieke rechten ..............................................................................56
6.4.7 Beroepsverbod .........................................................................................................................................57
6.4.8 Verval van het recht tot sturen ...................................................................................................................58
6.4.9 Verblijfs, plaats of contactverbod ..............................................................................................................59
6.5 Veroordeling bij schuldigverklaring ............................................................................................59
6.6 Vermogensstraf .......................................................................................................................60
6.6.1 geldboete .................................................................................................................................................60
6.6.2 Verbeurdverklaring ....................................................................................................................................62
6.6.3 verruimde verbeurdverklaring ....................................................................................................................65
6.6.4 geldstraf vastgesteld op basis van verwachte of uit misdrijf behaade voordeel .............................................67
6.6.5 dienstverlening ten gunste van gemeenschap ............................................................................................67
6.6.6 verbod om activiteit die deel uitmaakt van voorwerp uit te oefenen .............................................................68
6.6.7 bekendmaking van beslissing houdende veroordeling.................................................................................69
6.6.8 sluiting van inrichting ................................................................................................................................69
Casus: straftoemeting doen 2
,7 STRAFTOEMETING (HOE DE STRAFFEN OPLEGGEN)................................................................................. 70
7.1 regels die richting geven ...........................................................................................................70
7.1.1 doelstelling van straf .................................................................................................................................71
7.1.2 voorlichtingsrapport ..................................................................................................................................72
7.1.3 advies van deskundige of dienst gespecialiseerd in begeleiding of behandeling van seksuele of terroristische
delinquenten ............................................................................................................................................73
7.1.4 wetboek van SV.........................................................................................................................................73
7.1.5 Nieuwe SW ...............................................................................................................................................74
7.1.6 bemiddeling..............................................................................................................................................74
7.2 regels voor verzwaking straf ......................................................................................................75
7.2.1 verzwarende factoren ................................................................................................................................75
7.2.2 discrimineende drijfveer ............................................................................................................................75
7.2.3 herhaling ..................................................................................................................................................76
7.2.4 beveiligingsperiode ...................................................................................................................................77
7.3 regels voor verlichting straf .......................................................................................................78
7.3.1 verzachtende omstandigheden ..................................................................................................................78
7.3.2 verschoningsgronden ................................................................................................................................78
7.3.3 noodweerexces (nieuwe verschoningsgrond) .............................................................................................79
7.3.4 minderjarigheid .........................................................................................................................................80
7.3.5 samenloop ...............................................................................................................................................80
7.3.6 gevaar op onredelijk zware bestraffing .......................................................................................................82
7.3.7 precaire financiele situatie ........................................................................................................................82
7.3.8 overschrijden van redelijke termijn.............................................................................................................83
7.3.9 hechtenis of voorlopige plaatsingsmaatregel..............................................................................................83
7.4 modaliteiten ............................................................................................................................84
7.4.1 opschorting van uitspraak .........................................................................................................................85
7.4.2 uitstel van tenuitvoerlegging van de straffen ...............................................................................................85
7.5 combinatie ..............................................................................................................................87
8 VERVAL OF TENIETGAAN VAN DE STRAF ............................................................................................... 87
8.1 dood van veroordeelde .............................................................................................................87
8.2 verjaring...................................................................................................................................88
8.2.1 verjaring van de straf .................................................................................................................................88
8.2.2 verjaring van burgerrechtelijke veroordeling ...............................................................................................89
8.3 genade ....................................................................................................................................89
8.4 amnestie .................................................................................................................................90
DEEL 6: BURGERRECHTELIJKE BEPALINGEN EN BEVEILIGINGSMAATREGELEN ............................... 91
1 BURGERRECHTELIJKE BEPALINGEN .................................................................................................... 91
1.1 burgerrechtelijke ASP voor betaling van vermogensstraf .............................................................91
1.2 teruggave en schadevergoeding ................................................................................................91
1.3 onwaardigheid om te erven .......................................................................................................92
1.4 hoofdelijkheid ..........................................................................................................................93
1.5 voorrangsregeling .....................................................................................................................94
2 BEVEILIGINGSMAATREGELEN ........................................................................................................... 95
2.1 verbeurdverklaring als beveiligingsmaatregel .............................................................................95
2.2 ontbinding van RechtsPersoon..................................................................................................96
2.3 interneringswet ........................................................................................................................96
2.4 beveiligingsmaatregel ter bescherming maatschappij ................................................................98
DEEL 7: UITVOERING VAN STRAFFEN EN MAATREGELEN ............................................................. 100
1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................ 100
2 UITVOERING VAN VRIJHEIDSBENEMENDE STRAFFEN ............................................................................. 101
2.1 gevangenisstraf (of strafinrichting)........................................................................................... 101
2.2 behandeling onder vrijheidsberoving ....................................................................................... 104
3 UITVOERING VAN VRIJHEIDSBEPERKENDE STRAFFEN ............................................................................ 104
3.1 straf onder ET ......................................................................................................................... 104
3.2 Probatiestraf .......................................................................................................................... 105
Casus: straftoemeting doen 3
, 3.3 werkstraf ............................................................................................................................... 105
3.4 verlengde vervolging (iwkt 2015 – lijkt op TBS) .......................................................................... 105
3.5 TBS (zal vervangen worden) .................................................................................................... 106
3.6 ontzettingen ........................................................................................................................... 106
4 UITVOERING VAN VERMOGENSSTRAFFEN .......................................................................................... 106
5 UITVOERING STRAFFEN RP ............................................................................................................ 107
6 UITVOERING ANDERE STRAFFEN ..................................................................................................... 107
7 UITVOERING VAN OPSCHORTING EN UITSTEL ...................................................................................... 107
7.1 opschorting ........................................................................................................................... 107
7.2 uitstel .................................................................................................................................... 108
8 UITVOERING VAN BEVEILIGINGSMAATREGELEN ................................................................................... 108
8.1 internering ............................................................................................................................. 108
8.2 beveiligingsmaatregel TBM ..................................................................................................... 109
9 UITWISSING EN HERSTEL IN EER EN RECHTEN ..................................................................................... 110
9.1 centraal strafregister .............................................................................................................. 110
9.2 uitwissing van veroordeling ..................................................................................................... 110
9.3 herstel in eer en rechten ......................................................................................................... 110
Casus: straftoemeting doen 4
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