Exam (elaborations)
Bio 344 NAU Exam 2 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- Bio 344
- Institution
- University Of Texas - Austin
Bio 344 NAU Exam 2 Questions answers latest update
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Bio 344 NAU Exam 2How do proteins get moved between the nucleus and the cytosol? - By nuclear
pore complex. Small molecules can move across the pores via gated transport.
Large molecules are shuttled across via active transport. Nuclear import receptors
bind to nuclear signal sequence. RAN-GTP provides energy for active transport,
but smaller protein will freely diffuse.
What are nuclear pore complexes? - Proteins that actively transport proteins out
of the nucleus.
What is a nuclear import receptor? - Soluble cytoplasmic receptors that direct
molecules to the appropriate nuclear pore complex.
What molecule delivers energy to facilitate transport of large proteins into the
nucleus? What protein is it attached to? - RAN-GTP. Attached to nuclear import
receptor.
Describe the subcompartments of mitochondria. - Outer membrane, inner
membrane, intermembrane space, matrix.
-DNA replication occurs.
-ATP synthesis --> proton motive force.
-ATP synthase is inside the inner membrane
, -Protons accumulate inside the inner membrane space and move across the inner
membrane to the matrix (ADP --> ATP)
What are protein translocators? - Membrane bound proteins that mediate the
transport of another protein across an organelle membrane.
-TOM --> across outer membrane to inner membrane
-TIM --> across the inner membrane to matrix
Why does it matter that the mitochondrial signal sequence for protein import
forms an alpha helix? Describe the properties of this alpha helix. - One side of the
alpha helix is polar and is recognized by receptor proteins on mitochondria.
Describe how proteins are imported into mitochondrial matrix. - The N-terminal
signal sequence of the mitochondrial precursor protein is recognized by receptors
of the TOM complex. The protein is translocated through the TIM complex so that
it spans both membranes. The signal sequence is then cleaved by a signal
peptidase in the matrix. The free signal sequence is then degraded.
How do proteins get directed to the intermembrane space? - By signal sequences
only read by the TOM complex
What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER? - -Smooth ER is
responsible for lipid synthesis.
-Rough ER is where proteins are received and translation is finished. Ribosomes
attach to rough ER.
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