Examl1:lNURS618/lNURSl618l(Latest
lUpdate)lPathophysiologylGuidel|lQsl&lAsl|l
100%lCorrectl(VerifiedlAnswers)-
lSoutheasternlLouisiana
Q:lHerpeslSimplexlVirus
Answer:
-
lEnvelopedlvirus:lenclosedlwithinlallipoproteinlenvelopelderivedlfromlthelcytoplasmiclmembra
neloflthelparasitizedlhostlcell
-
lLatentlvirus:lenterlthelcelllandlarelinlalnonreplicatinglstatelforllonglperiodslwithoutlcausingldis
ease.lUnderlthelrightlconditionsldoltheylstartltolshowlsymptoms.
-l-lTypel1l(coldlsore)landlTypel2l(genitallherpes)
-
lThelresumptionloflthellatentlvirallreplicationlmaylproducelsymptomsloflprimaryldiseasel(genit
al)
-lCanltransformlhostlcellslintolmalignantlcellslduringlthelreplicationlcyclel(oncogenic)
Q:lViruses
Answer:
-
lnolorganizedlcelllstructurelbutlconsistloflalproteinlcoatlsurroundinglthelnucleiclacidlcore,lorlge
nome,loflRNAlORlDNA.l
-lArelincapableloflreplicatingloutsideloflallivinglcell.
-
lTheylmustlpenetratelalsusceptiblellivinglcelllandluselthelbiosyntheticlstructureloflthelcellltolrep
licate.
-lTheylpenetratelallivinglcelllandluselthelbiosyntheticlstructureloflthelcellltolreplicate.l
-
lSomelviruseslenterlthelhostlcelllandlinsertltheirlgenomelintolthelhostlcelllchromosome,lwhereli
,tlremainslinlallatentlstatelforllonglperiods.lButlunderlthelappropriatelstimulation,lviruslundergoe
slactivelreplicationlandlproduceslsymptomslofldiseasellater.
-lCanltransformlnormallhostlcellslintolmalignantlcellslduringlthelreplicationlphase.
Q:lMildlHypothermia
Answer:
-lCoreltempllesslthanl35ldegreeslCelsiuslorl95ldegreeslF
-
lMalnutrition,lalcohollandlsedativeldrugslcanlcauselit.lCardiovascularldisease,lcerebrovascularld
isease,lspinallcordlinjury,landlhypothyroidismlarelalllpredisposed
-
lPoorlcoordination,lstumbling,lslurredlspeech,lirrationalitylandlpoorljudgement,lamnesia,lhalluci
nations,lbluenesslandlpuffinessloflthelskin,ldilationloflthelpupils,ldecreasedlrespiratorylrate,lwea
klandlirregularlpulse,landlstupor.
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lMild:lintenselshiveringlgenerateslheatlandlsympatheticlnervouslsystemlactivitylislraisedltolresis
tlloweringlbodyltemp.lProfoundlvasoconstriction,lincreasedlHR,landlSVlincreased.lBPlincreases
,landlhyperventilationlislcommon.lAugmentslurinarylflow.lDehydrationlandlincreasedlhematocri
tlmayldeveloplwithinlalfewlhours,laugmentedlbylextracellularltolintracellularlwaterlshift.
-
lOralltempslarelmarkedlinaccuratelduringlthislbecauseloflseverelvasoconstrictionlandlsluggishlb
loodlflow.
Q:lTreatmentlforlmildlhypothermia
Answer:
rewarming,lsupportlvitallfunctions,landlpreventlandltreatlcomplications
Q:lAssessmentlforlgeneticldisorders
Answer:
,-ldetailedlfamilylhistory,lpregnancylhistory,landldetailedlaccountloflthelbirthlprocesslandlpost-
natallhealthlandldevelopment.l
-lPhysicallexamloflthelaffectlchild,lthelparentslandlthelsiblings.l
-lLabsllikelchromosomallanalysislandlbiochemicallstudies
Q:lPrenatallscreeninglforlgeneticldisorders
Answer:
-lUltrasound-
ldiagnosisloflcardiacldefects,lcongenitallheartldefects,lhydrocephalus,lspinalbifida,lfacialldefects
,lcongenitalldiaphragmaticlhernias,ldisordersloflthelGIltract,lskeletallabnormalities.l
-
lMaternallserumlmarkers,lamniocentesis,lchorioniclvilluslsampling,lpercutaneouslumbilicallcord
lbloodlsampling,lcytogeneticlandlDNAlanalyses
Q:lMarfanlSyndrome
Answer:
-lautosomalldominantldisorderloflthelconnectiveltissue.l-lAffectslfibrillin1.l
-l70-80%larelfamilial.l
-lAffectsleyes,lcardiovascularlsystem,landlskeletallsysteml(bonelandljoints).l
-
lSkeletallsignslarellonglthinlbodylwithlexceptionallyllonglextremitieslandllongltaperinglfingers,l
hyperlextensibleljoints,landlspinalldeformitiesl(kyphosislandlscoliosis).l
-Chestldeformities,lpectuslexcavatuml(depressedlsternum)lorlpigeonlchest.l
-lMostlcommonleyeldisorderlislbilateralldislocationloflthellens.lMyopialandlretinalldetachment.l
-
lMitrallvalvelprolapse,ldilationloflaorticlvalvelringlandlweaknessloflthelaortalandlotherlarteries.l
-lTreatment:lecho,lECG,leyelexams,levalloflskeletallsystem
Q:lNeurofibratosislTypel1
Answer:
, -ltumorsldeveloplfromlSchwannlcellsloflthelneurologiclnervouslsystem.l
-
(vonlRecklinghausenldisease):llonglarmloflchromosomel17.lCutaneouslandlsubcutaneouslneuro
fibromasldeveloplinllatelchildhood;lsoft,lpedunculatedllesionslthatlprojectlfromlthelskinlmainlyl
onltrunk.lLargerloneslonlthelfacelmaylcauselfacialldisfigurement,lovergrowthloflanlextremity,lo
rlskeletalldeformities.l
-
lPigmentedlnodulesloflthelirisl(Lischlnodules)larelspecificlforlthis,landlarelpresentlafterl6.lThisl
helpsltolestablishldiagnosis.l
-lContainsllargelflatlpigmentationsl(cafélaullaitlspots).
-lIncreaselincidencelofllearningldisabilities,lADD,landlabnormalitieslinlspeech.l
-lComplexlpartiallandlgeneralizedltonic-cloniclseizures.lMalignantlneoplasms.l
-lAppearanceloflalneurofibrosarcomalinlalneurofibromalislalmajorlcomplication.lI
-lncreasedlincidenceloflmeningiomas,lopticlgliomas,landlpheochromocytomas.
Q:lNeurofibratosislTypel2
Answer:
-ltumorsloflthelacousticlnerve.l
-lAsymptomaticlthroughlthelfirstl15lyearslofllife.
-lSymptoms:lHA,lhearinglloss,landltinnitus.l
-lMaybelassociatedlintracraniallandlspinallmeningiomas.l
-lSurgerylmaylbelindicatedlforlremovallofltumors.
Q:lPhenylketonuria
Answer:
-lautosomallrecessivelmetabolicldisorderlinlinfants.
-
lDeficiencyloflliverlenzymelphenylalaninelhydroxylase,lwhichlallowsltoxicllevelsloflaminolacid
,lphenylalanine,ltolaccumulatelinltissueslandlthelblood.l
-
lCanlresultlinlmentallretardationlmicrocephaly,ldelayedlspeech,landlotherlimpairedlneurologicld
evelopment.l
-ldiagnosedlbylcheckinglserumlphenylalanine.l
