,Table of Content
V V
ChapterV01:VCellularVBiology ...................................................................................................................................... 4
ChapterV02:VGenesVandVGeneticVDiseases ................................................................................................................. 13
ChapterV03:VEpigeneticsVandVDisease ........................................................................................................................ 23
UVSNVT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
ChapterV04:VAlteredVCellularVandVTissueVBiology .................................................................................................... 27
HuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiology,V6thVEdition........................................................................ 39
ChapterV06:VInnateVImmunity:VInflammationVandVWoundVHealingVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophy
siology,V6thVEdition ................................................................................................................................................... 48
ChapterV07:VAdaptiveVImmunity................................................................................................................................ 60
ChapterV08:VInfectionVandVDefectsVinVMechanismsVofVDefenseVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiol
ogy,V6thVEdition ......................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
ChapterV09:VStressVandVDisease ................................................................................................................................. 76
ChapterV10:VBiology,VClinicalVManifestations,VandVTreatmentVofVCancerVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPat
hophysiology,V6thVEdition ......................................................................................................................................... 81
ChapterV11:VCancerVEpidemiology ............................................................................................................................ 87
ChapterV12:VCancerVinVChildren ................................................................................................................................ 91
ChapterV13:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheNeurologicVSystemVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiol
ogy,V6thVEdition......................................................................................................................................................... 94
ChapterV14:VPain,VTemperature,VSleep,VandVSensoryVFunctionVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiolo
gy,V6thVEdition ......................................................................................................................................................... 105
ChapterV15:VAlterationsVinVCognitiveVSystems,VCerebralVHemodynamics,VandVMotorVFunction ........................... 116
ChapterV16:VDisordersVofVtheCentralVandVPeripheralVNervousVSystemsVandVtheNeuromuscularVJunction ............. 126
ChapterV17:VAlterationsVofVNeurologicVFunctionVinVChildrenVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiolog
y,V6thVEdition ........................................................................................................................................................... 138
ChapterV18:VMechanismsVofVHormonalVRegulation ................................................................................................ 147
ChapterV19:VAlterationsVofVHormonalVRegulation ................................................................................................... 156
ChapterV20:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVHematologicVSystemVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysi
ology,V6thVEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 169
ChapterV21:VAlterationsVofVHematologicVFunction .................................................................................................. 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
ChapterV22:VAlterationsVofVHematologicVFunctionVinVChildrenVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiol
ogy,V6thVEdition....................................................................................................................................................... 192
ChapterV23:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVCardiovascularVandVLymphaticVSystemsVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderst
andingVPathophysiology,V6thVEdition ...................................................................................................................... 200
ChapterV24:VAlterationsVofVCardiovascularVFunction .............................................................................................. 210
UVSNVT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UVSNVT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UVSNVT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
ChapterV25:VAlterationsVofVCardiovascularVFunctionVinVChildrenVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysi
ology,V6thVEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 229
SVNVTV V O ..................................................................................................................................................................... 232
ChapterV26:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVPulmonaryVSystemVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiol
ogy,V6thVEdition ....................................................................................................................................................... 236
ChapterV27:VAlterationsVofVPulmonaryVFunction ..................................................................................................... 245
, ChapterV28:VAlterationsVofVPulmonaryVFunctionVinVChildrenVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiolog
y,V6thVEdition ........................................................................................................................................................... 257
ChapterV29:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVRenalVandVUrologicVSystemsVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPat
hophysiology,V6thVEdition ....................................................................................................................................... 265
ChapterV30:VAlterationsVofVRenalVandVUrinaryVTractVFunctionVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiol
ogy,V6thVEdition....................................................................................................................................................... 273
ChapterV31:VAlterationsVofVRenalVandVUrinaryVTractVFunctionVinVChildrenVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVP
athophysiology,V6thVEdition .................................................................................................................................... 280
ChapterV32:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVReproductiveVSystemsVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophy
siology,V6thVEdition ................................................................................................................................................. 286
ChapterV33:VAlterationsVofVtheVFemaleVReproductiveVSystemVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiolog
y,V6thVEdition ........................................................................................................................................................... 295
ChapterV34:VAlterationsVofVtheVMaleVReproductiveVSystem.................................................................................... 300
ChapterV35:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVDigestiveVSystemVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophysiolo
gy,V6thVEdition ......................................................................................................................................................... 305
ChapterV36:VAlterationsVofVDigestiveVFunction ....................................................................................................... 312
ChapterV37:VAlterationsVofVDigestiveVFunctionVinVChildren ................................................................................... 325
ChapterV38:VStructureVandVFunctionVofVtheVMusculoskeletalVSystemVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathoph
ysiology,V6thVEdition ............................................................................................................................................... 334
UVSNVT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
ChapterV39:VAlterationsVofVMusculoskeletalVFunction ............................................................................................ 342
ChapterV40:VAlterationsVofVMusculoskeletalVFunctionVinVChildrenVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophys
iology,V6thVEdition ................................................................................................................................................... 352
UVSNVT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
ChapterV41:VStructure,VFunction,VandVDisordersVofVtheVIntegumentVHuetherV&VMcCance:VUnderstandingVPathophy
siology,V6thVEdition ................................................................................................................................................. 357
ChapterV42:VAlterationsVofVtheVIntegumentVinVChildren .......................................................................................... 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
V V V
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
V V V V V V
MULTIPLEVCHOICE
1. AVstudentVisVobservingVaVcellVunderVtheVmicroscope.VItVisVobservedVtoVhaveVsupercoiledVDN
AVwithVhistones.VWhichVofVtheVfollowingVwouldValsoVbeVobservedVbyVtheVstudent?
a. AVsingleVcircularVchromosome
b. AVnucleus
c. Free-floatingVnuclearVmaterial
d. NoVorganelles
ANS:V B
TheVcellVdescribedVisVaVeukaryoticVcell,VsoVitVhasVhistonesVandVaVsupercoiledVDNAVwithinVitsV
nucleus;Vthus,VtheVnucleusVshouldVbeVobserved.VAVsingleVcircularVchromosomeVcalledVaVproka
ryoteVcontainsVfree-floatingVnuclearVmaterialVbutVhasVnoVorganelles.
REF:Vp.V2
2. AVnurseVisVinstructingVtheVstaffVaboutVcellularVfunctions.VWhichVcellularVfunctionVisVtheVnurs
eVdescribingVwhenVanVisolatedVcellVabsorbsVoxygenVandVusesVitVtoVtransformVnutrientsVtoVener
gy?
a. MetabolicVabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:VD
TheVcell’sVabilityVtoVabsorbVoxygenVisVreferredVtoVasVrespirationVwhileVitsVcommunicationVabilityVinv
olvesVmaintenanceVofVaVsteadyVdynamicVstate,VmetabolicVabsorptionVprovidesVnutrition,VandVsecretio
nVallowsVforVtheVsynthesizingVofVnewVsubstances.
REF:Vp.V2
3. AVeukaryoticVcellVisVundergoingVDNAVreplication.VInVwhichVregionVofVtheVcellVwouldVmostV
ofVtheVgeneticVinformationVbeVcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusVCytoplasm
ANS:VC
TheVregionVofVtheVcellVthatVcontainsVgeneticVmaterial,VincludingVaVlargeVamountVofVribonucleic
Vacid,VmostVofVtheVDNA,VandVDNA-
bindingVproteins,VisVtheVnucleolus,VwhichVisVlocatedVwithinVtheVcell’sVnucleus.VMitochondriaVi
sVassociatedVwithVcellularVrespiration,VwhileVribosomesVareVinvolvedVwithVproteinVmanufactur
ing.VCytoplasmVisVaVfluidVfillingVthatVisVaVcomponentVofVtheVcell.
REF:Vp.V2