Summary
BI 302 Endocrine System Summary
- Course
- BI 302
- Institution
- Queensborough Community College
This is a comprehensive and detailed summary on the endocrine system for Bi 302.. An Essential Study Resource just for YOU!!
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Endocrine SystemWhat is Endocrine system
: is made up of glands that make hormones. Hormones are the body's chemical messengers. They carry
information and instructions from one set of cells to another.
What Endocrine system Do?
1. Releasehormonesinto the bloodstream.
This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body.
2. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs
work,metabolism, and reproduction.
3. The endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released. This can depend on levels
of hormones already in the blood, or on levels of other substances in the blood, like calcium. Many
things affect hormone levels, such as stress, infection, and changes in the balance of fluid and minerals
in blood.
Features of the endocrine system
: The endocrine system is scattered throughout the body and secretes substances with specific
functions directly into the bloodstream without ducts.
: The secreted hormones circulate throughout the body and only act when they reach specific organs.
: Target organs (표적기관) - Organs affected by the action of hormones.
: Solo endocrine glands - Pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland.
: Mixed endocrine glands - Pancreas, testes, ovaries.
Function of hormones
: Hormones affect the development and growth of the human body, creation of the body's internal
environment, response to stress and infection, and reproduction.
Part of Endocrine System
I. Hypothalamus
: Lower central part of the Brain
: Links the Endocrine system and nervous system
: Nerve cell in the hypothalamus make chemicals that control the release of hormones secreted from
pituitary gland
: The hypothalamus gathers information sensed by the brain (such as the surrounding temperature,
light exposure, and feelings) and sends it to the pituitary. This information influences the hormones
that the pituitary makes and releases.
II. Pituitary gland
, : The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) makes up approximately 3/4 of the pituitary gland and
is composed of glandular tissue.
: The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) makes up approximately 1/4 of the pituitary gland and
is composed of neural tissue.
=> This means the pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the anterior part, which is primarily
glandular, and the posterior part, which is primarily neural. The anterior pituitary is responsible for
producing and releasing various hormones, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones
produced by the hypothalamus.
: at the base of the brain. no bigger than a pea. “Master gland”
: The pituitary gland makes many hormones,
1. anterior pituitary Gland
1) Growth hormone(GH), which stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues and plays a
role in the body's handling of nutrients and minerals
: Function: Promotes body growth and cell regeneration.
: Impact: Stimulates growth and development of muscles, bones, and cartilage.
2) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH):
: Function: Promotes the maturation of reproductive cells.
: Impact: Stimulates follicle growth in females and sperm production in males.
3) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH):
: Function: Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones.
: Impact: Promotes the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyroid
gland.
4) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH):
: Function: Stimulates the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
: Impact: Plays a key role in the body's stress response and metabolism regulation.
5) Mammary Stimulating Hormone:
: Function: There is no exact hormone with this name, but a similar hormone with a similar role
is Prolactin (PRL).
: Impact: Promotes the development of mammary glands and milk production.
6) Luteinizing Hormone (LH):
: Function: Promotes the maturation of reproductive cells and hormone secretion.
: Impact: Induces ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males.
7) Prolactin(PRL)
: which activates milk production in women who are breastfeeding
: Function: Promotes the development of mammary glands and milk production.
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