NURS 251/NSG 251 FINAL EXAM | 266 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT | NEW UPDATE 2025
Rank speed of absorption: Po, IM, IV - ANSWER Po slowest, then IM, IV fastest
Describe drug distribution in relation to protein binding - ANSWER Protein
binding- Most drugs form a compound and bind with plasma proteins. Drug
molecules bound to plasma proteins are pharmacologically inactive. Only the free
or unbound portions of the drug acts on the cells. Protein binding allows for some
of the drug to be stored and others to be released as needed. This gives the
constant blood level and decreased risk for toxicity.
High binding=high duration of action.
First pass effect - ANSWER a phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the
concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic
circulation. It is the fraction of drug lost during the process of absorption which is
generally related to the liver and gut wall.
Does liver failure affect drug metabolism? - ANSWER Liver failure does affect
metabolism of drugs
Drug excretion - ANSWER elimination of drug from the body by kidneys or
bowel
What are the nurse's responsibilities for drug administration? - ANSWER Right
drug, dose, route, patient, time, documentation (response or refusal), reason
,Prototype - ANSWER The "lead agent" in the drug class. Ex. metoprolol is
prototype of beta-1 blockers
Federal Food and Drug Act - ANSWER accurate labeling
Durham-Humphrey Amendment - ANSWER designated drugs that must be
prescribed by a physician and administered by a pharmacist
The comprehensive abuse and control act - ANSWER regulated narcotics and
categorized
Orphan Drug Act - ANSWER decreased taxes and competition that affected
drugs associated with rare diseases
Drug Approval - ANSWER FDA regulates the process by which drugs are
researched and released to population.
Clinical trial phases - ANSWER Phase I-a few doses are given to healthy
volunteers
Phase II-small doses are given to people with disease
Phase III-larger and more representative group of patients-- drug and placebo
groups
Phase IV-allows drug to be marketed, company has to monitor and report adverse
effects
,Gram positive antibiotics - ANSWER Penicillian, Cephalosporins
Gram negative antibiotics - ANSWER Aminoglycosides
Broad spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER Cephalosporins, Carbapenems,
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamide contraindications - ANSWER Patients with a sulfa allergy
Sulfonamides uses - ANSWER Inhibit bacteria; UTI, 2nd and 3rd degree burns
Sulfonamide drugs - ANSWER trimethprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim),
silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) ointment
Sulfonamide adverse - ANSWER N/V/D, allergic reaction
Penicillin uses - ANSWER Works on Gram+ bacteria; strep, pneumococcal
pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, prevent endocarditis
Penicillin adverse - ANSWER rash, anaphylaxis, neurotoxicity, GI symptoms
Penicillin nursing - ANSWER watch for Allergic reaction(rash), take on an Empty
stomach
, Penicillin drugs - ANSWER penicillin G
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
tazobactam (Zosyn)
Cephalosporin uses - ANSWER Bactericidal(kills bacteria), Inhibit cell wall
synthesis, Broad spectrum, Gram + /-(depending on generation) 5 generations of
drugs( as the go up in number they become more Gram- effective)
--surgical prophylaxis- SCIP, UTI, PCN resistant gonorrhea
Cephalosporin adverse - ANSWER cross sensitivity w/ PCN, GI symptoms
-->Take most w/ food
Cephalosporin drugs + uses for specific ones - ANSWER cefazolin (Kefzol) - IV,
1st generation,
cephalexin (Keflex) po
cefuroxime (Zinacef), 2nd generation
ceftriaxone (Rocephin), 3rd generation- ghonorrhea use
cefepime (Maxipime) 4th generation
ceftaroline (Teflaro) 5th generation: used for MRSA and Gram (-) infections
Carbapenem uses - ANSWER Broad spectrum, bactericidal, Inhibit cell wall
synthesis
-- used in staph, E. coli (complicated body cavity/connective tissue infections)
