Physical Therapy Licensing: Correctly
Solved Exam |100% Accurate Answers| 2025
Edition
Explain the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tendinopathy and how physical therapy
interventions can promote healing.
Tendinopathy is characterized by degeneration of collagen fibers in the tendon due to overuse,
repetitive stress, or aging. Physical therapy interventions focus on eccentric strengthening, load
management, and reducing inflammation through modalities like ice and ultrasound. Progressive loading
helps realign collagen fibers, promoting healing and restoring tendon function.
Discuss the role of the physical therapist in managing patients with complex regional pain syndrome
(CRPS), focusing on the biopsychosocial model of care.
CRPS is a chronic pain condition typically following injury, characterized by severe pain, swelling,
and changes in skin color and temperature. Physical therapists use a biopsychosocial approach,
addressing the physical, emotional, and social factors that contribute to pain. Interventions include
graded motor imagery, desensitization techniques, and cognitive-behavioral strategies to reduce pain
and improve function.
What are the key differences in rehabilitation strategies for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)
versus spinal cord injury (SCI)?
Rehabilitation for TBI focuses on cognitive and functional recovery, addressing deficits in memory,
attention, and executive function, while also improving motor function. For SCI, rehabilitation is centered
around restoring mobility, muscle strength, and bowel and bladder function. Both require individualized
therapeutic programs, but the focus for TBI is neurocognitive rehabilitation, whereas SCI emphasizes
functional mobility and spasticity management.
How do you differentiate between myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia, and what are the distinct
approaches in physical therapy for each condition?
Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by localized muscle pain and trigger points, while
fibromyalgia involves widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. In physical therapy, myofascial
pain is treated through direct release of trigger points, stretching, and strengthening exercises, while
fibromyalgia requires a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on improving endurance, reducing pain, and
managing fatigue through graded aerobic exercises and stress management.
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, Describe the biomechanical principles behind gait analysis and how abnormalities in gait can indicate
specific musculoskeletal or neurological conditions.
Gait analysis involves assessing the kinematics and kinetics of walking, focusing on joint motion,
stride length, and weight-bearing patterns. Abnormalities such as antalgic gait, Trendelenburg gait, or
hemiparetic gait can indicate specific conditions. For example, an antalgic gait may suggest pain in the
hip or knee, while a hemiparetic gait often indicates a neurological issue, such as a stroke. Gait analysis
helps in identifying compensatory mechanisms and guiding appropriate interventions.
Explain the role of physical therapy in the management of osteopenia and osteoporosis, with an
emphasis on weight-bearing exercises and fall prevention.
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are characterized by decreased bone density, increasing the risk of
fractures. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening muscles, improving balance, and
implementing weight-bearing exercises such as walking, resistance training, and functional movements
to increase bone density. Fall prevention strategies, including postural training and environmental
modifications, are essential to reduce fracture risk.
What are the physiological effects of prolonged immobilization, and how do physical therapists address
these effects in rehabilitation?
Prolonged immobilization leads to muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, decreased bone density, and
reduced cardiovascular fitness. Physical therapists counter these effects through early mobilization
techniques, gradual weight-bearing exercises, and joint mobilization to restore normal function and
prevent further complications. A progressive exercise program focused on strength, flexibility, and
aerobic capacity is essential for full recovery.
Discuss the role of physical therapy in the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases, such as
rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, highlighting disease-modifying approaches.
Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus involve systemic inflammation and
joint damage. Physical therapy for these patients focuses on pain management, maintaining joint
mobility, and improving strength while preventing deformities. Disease-modifying approaches include
educating patients on energy conservation techniques, joint protection strategies, and incorporating
functional exercises that help maintain independence and reduce flare-ups.
How do you assess and manage post-surgical lymphatic complications, such as lymphedema, in patients
following mastectomy or other cancer surgeries?
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