Exam (elaborations)
Bios 344 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- BIOS 34344
- Institution
- University Of Notre Dame
Bios 344 Questions answers latest update
[Show more]
Content preview
Bios 344mendel approach related to science - -He ensured his pea plants were from pure-
breeding lines, allowing him to control the variables and observe trait inheritance.
-He carefully tracked the traits in his crosses, meticulously collecting and analyzing
his data
Point of reciprocal crosses - Trait matters, not origin/sex
-By switching which parent contributed the dominant or recessive allele, he
demonstrated that the trait itself, not the parent, determined the expression.
-This disproved the prevailing notion that traits from male and female parents
were expressed differently
mendels 4 principles - 1. Variation is widespread in nature and provides
forcontinuously evolving diversity
2. Observable variation is essential for following genes fromone generation to
another
3. Variation is inherited by genetic laws, which can explainwhy like begets like and
unlike
4. Mendel's laws apply to all sexually reproducingorganisms
,Misconceptions at time - -The homunculus: Inheritedfeatures of offspring
arecontributed by the male parentvia fully formed miniatureoffspring in the
sperm•
-Blended inheritance: Parentaltraits become mixed andpermanently changed in
theoffspring Klaus Guldbrandsen/SPL/Science SourceThe homunculus
Law of Segregation - During gamete formation, each parent contributes one allele
to the offspring
Monohybrid vs. Test cross - A monohybrid cross involves studying the inheritance
of a single trait, while a testcross involves crossing an individual with an unknown
genotype to one with a known recessive genotype
-Monohybrid crosses help establish the basic patterns of inheritance.
-Testcrosses are used to determine the unknown genotype of an individual
independent assortment - -The inheritance of one trait (pairs of alleles) is
independent of the inheritance of another trait.
-The probabilities of the individual traits can be multiplied to get the expected
phenotypic ratios
molecular explanation for domnnt/recessive alleles - 1 A specific gene determines
a specific protein, whose activity may affect the phenotype
2. A dominant allele usually determines a normally functioning protein, and a
recessive allele usually doesnot encode a functional protein
, Using pedigree to predict dom/rec disease - a recessive pattern of inheritance is
indicated by affected individuals having unaffected parents, and a dominant
pattern is indicated by affected individuals having at least one affected parent
-dom is vertical, rec is hrizontal
explain Huntington dom cystic fib recesive - -Huntington's disease is dominant
because the mutant allele produces a dysfunctional protein that interferes with
normal function
-Cystic fibrosis is recessive because both alleles must be non-functional to cause
the disease. (heterozygotes produce enough cftr)
3 types of dominance plus examples - -Completely dominant means the hybrid
resembles one parent
-incompletely dominant means the hybrid is intermediate, and -codominant
means the hybrid shows traits from both parents. Great examples are snapdragon
flower color and ABO blood types
Progeny ratio: Lethal recessive
-independant assortment or additive
-reccessive epistasis / recip
-Dominant epistasis / 2
-redundant genes or recip dom epistasis - 2:1 ratio (bc one doesn't survive)
9:3:3:1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Schoolflix. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53920 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now