Exam (elaborations)
BIOS 30344 Exam 1 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- BIOS 34344
- Institution
- University Of Notre Dame
BIOS 30344 Exam 1 Questions answers latest update
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BIOS 30344 Exam 1emergent properties - properties that cannot be predicted to exist based only on
knowledge of the system's individual components (EX: emotion and intelligence)
teleological approach - describing physiological processes by their purpose rather
than their mechanism (Why)
mechanisms - refers to physiological processes of "how" of a system
mechanistic approach - the ability to explain the mechanisms that underlie
physiological events (how)
translational research - applies basic biomedical research findings to treatment
and prevention of human disease
mechanical properties of cells/tissues - compliance (ability to stretch)
elastance (stiffness)
strength
flexibility
viscosity (fluidity)
,compartmentation - the internal division of the body or cell into compartments to
that functions can be isolated
homeostasis - the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal
environment
pathophysiology - the study of body functions in a disease state
diabetes mellitus - disease characterized by lack of or abnormal function of insulin
extracellular fluid - the internal fluid that surrounds the cell
intracellular fluid - fluid within the cells
law of mass balance - if the amount of substance in the body remains constant,
any gain must be offset by an equal loss
- load = amount of a substance in the body
excretion - the elimination of material from the body, usually through the urine,
feces, lungs, or skin
mass flow - concentration x volume flow
,clearance - a measurement of the disappearance of a substance from the blood,
expressed as mL of plasma cleared of solute per unit time
plasma - the fluid portion of the blood
integrating center - the control center that evaluates incoming signals and decides
on appropriate response
local control - homeostatic control that takes place strictly at the tissue or by
using paracrine/autocrine signals
- simplest form of control
response loop - control pathway that begins with the stimulus and ends with the
response
three primary components: input signal, integrating center, and output signal
feedback loop - information about a homeostatic response that is sent back to the
integrating center
negative feedback loop - a system responds to a change by returning to its
original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring
designed to keep the system at or near a set point
, positive feedback loop - the response reinforces the stimulus, triggering a cycle of
ever-increasing response
feedforward control - anticipatory responses that start a response loop in
anticipation of a change that is about to occur
circadian rhythm - biological rhythm based on a 24-hour cycle
acclimization - the adaptation of physiological processes to a given set of
environmental conditions
acclimation - physiological adjustment to environmental change in a laboratory
setting
Cannon's four postulates of homeostasis - 1. the nervous system has a role in
preserving the "fitness" of the internal environment
2. some systems of the body are under tonic control
3. some systems of the body are under antagonistic control
4. one chemical signal can have different effects in different tissues
parameter - one of the variables in a system
stimulus - the disturbance of change that sets a pathway in motion
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